Qualitative and quantitative analysis of leachables from dental composites under different extraction conditions using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

Abstract

Dental caries is the most widespread form of disease, affecting over 90% of the global population. Amalgam fillings, which have been in use for nearly two centuries, will face an European Union ban by 2025. Although photocomposite fillings are a suitable alternative, health concerns persist because of potential substance release into the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the release of photoinitiator substances and monomers from dental materials into various solvents at different temperatures over 30 days. Cylindrical specimens of the composite resins were submerged in different extraction solutions and incubated at 37°C and 50°C. The findings demonstrated that both the extraction solvent and extraction temperature significantly influenced the quantity of leachables (p<0.05). Furthermore, most leachables were released within the initial days, although some monomers continued to elute for over 30 days. The estimated daily intake was calculated for the worst-case scenario, confirming the biocompatibility of the composite fillings. The weight loss of dental materials ranged up to 3.5% after 30 days, regardless of the extraction conditions and dental material (p>0.05). In conclusion, this study contributes to filling several research gaps in the field by addressing the biocompatibility of various dental materials through quantitative and qualitative analyses supported by statistical evaluation.Dental caries is the most widespread form of disease, affecting over 90% of the global population. Amalgam fillings, which have been in use for nearly two centuries, will face an European Union ban by 2025. Although photocomposite fillings are a suitable alternative, health concerns persist because of potential substance release into the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the release of photoinitiator substances and monomers from dental materials into various solvents at different temperatures over 30 days. Cylindrical specimens of the composite resins were submerged in different extraction solutions and incubated at 37°C and 50°C. The findings demonstrated that both the extraction solvent and extraction temperature significantly influenced the quantity of leachables (p<0.05). Furthermore, most leachables were released within the initial days, although some monomers continued to elute for over 30 days. The estimated daily intake was calculated for the worst-case scenario, confirming the biocompatibility of the composite fillings. The weight loss of dental materials ranged up to 3.5% after 30 days, regardless of the extraction conditions and dental material (p>0.05). In conclusion, this study contributes to filling several research gaps in the field by addressing the biocompatibility of various dental materials through quantitative and qualitative analyses supported by statistical evaluation.