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    Comparative study investigating bio-based reactive diluents for photo-curing applications
    (Elsevier, 2026-06-01) Jašek, Vojtěch; Bartoš, Otakar; Prokeš, Jan; Figalla, Silvestr; Přikryl, Radek
    This investigation provides a comprehensive comparison of the selected and synthesized bio-based curable compounds used in the photocured methacrylated vegetable oil. The chosen reactive diluents are vanillin methacrylate (VMA), cinnamyl methacrylate (CMA), isosorbide dimethacrylate (IDMA), glycerol methacrylate (GMA), and glycerol trimethacrylate (GTMA). We synthesized all the mentioned compounds with high final yields ( > 85 %) except for GMA (reached 72 % yield). The structural characterization was provided by 1 H NMR and FTIR. In total, four different functional properties were studied: polymerization reactivity, rheological profile, thermal stability, and mechanical characteristics. The most reactive compound, GMA, achieved the polymerization activation energy of 68.2 kJ/mol. The lowest observable viscosity was observed for the curable system containing CMA (25 % in the methacrylated oil), with an apparent viscosity of 405 mPa & centerdot;s at 25 degrees C. The most thermally stable system comprised 25 % GTMA in the methacrylated oil, reaching the heat-resistant index of 184 degrees C. The highest flexural modulus was reached by the GTMA-involving system (596 +/- 38 MPa), while the highest flexural strength was reached by the IDMA-involving resin (12.7 +/- 0.3 MPa). The best rigid-enhanced system contained 25 % IDMA, while the most tremendous increase in flexibility was observed with resin containing 25 % of VMA.
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    Cold microwave plasma jets for wound healing: antimicrobial efficacy, mechanisms and changes in microbial cells
    (Springer Nature, 2026-03-06) Trebulová, Kristína; Loupová, Veronika; Chobotská, Barbora; Kletzander, Lukáš; Menčík, Přemysl; Kozáková, Zdenka; Hrudka, Jan; Pawlat, Joanna; Kulich, Pavel; Krčma, František
    Given the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, alternative disinfection strategies are required. This study explores the antimicrobial potential of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a non-thermal decontamination method for medical applications. The results confirm the efficacy of cold microwave plasma jets in the inactivation of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Cutibacterium acnes, and Nakaseomyces glabratus. Optimal treatment conditions ensuring both the antimicrobial efficacy and the safety for living tissue were established. Experiments in enclosed or open-air environment and the use of colorimetric agents confirmed that RONS, rather than UV radiation, are primarily responsible for microbial inactivation. Possible inhibition mechanisms induced by the CAP treatment were examined using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The analyses revealed progressive morphological and intracellular changes in yeast cells following the plasma treatment, including localized thinning and perforation of the cell wall, vacuole enlargement, enhanced vesicle formation, protoplast aggregation and leakage of intracellular content.
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    A Hybrid Analytical Framework for NB-IoT NTN Performance Under Discontinuous LEO Coverage
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2026-02-17) Le, Dinh Thao; Štůsek, Martin; Moltchanov, Dmitri; Paluřík, Pavel; Mašek, Pavel; Hošek, Jiří
    The integration of Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) with Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) represents a paradigm shift for achieving ubiquitous massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC). However, the sparse deployment of current Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations results in discontinuous coverage for User Equipment (UEs), which creates severe system-level challenges, most notably bursty traffic behavior where a large number of UEs attempt to transmit simultaneously during brief connectivity windows. This contention-heavy access pattern threatens to compromise the performance and reliability of the system. This paper presents a hybrid analytical framework, integrating link-level simulations into a two-dimensional Markov chain model, to characterize system-level performance under these conditions. The model is utilized to derive key performance metrics, including mean message delay and message loss probability, as a function of constellation size, orbital characteristics, number of UEs and traffic intensity. Our results demonstrate that system performance is robust against varying radio link quality but is highly sensitive to the duration of coverage gaps and the resultant collisions on the Narrowband Physical Random Access Channel (NPRACH). Quantitatively, we reveal that the ITU-R M.2410 requirement of 99% message delivery is not met for the standard mMTC traffic intensity of one message per two hours, even with a 24-satellite near-polar LEO constellation at either 600 km or 1,200 km altitudes considered in our study as a reference scenario. While LEO 1,200 km constellations offer better performance due to longer connectivity windows, the 99% requirement is only satisfied at a much lower traffic intensity of one message per day. The results highlight that vertical industries must carefully evaluate their communication requirements to ensure compatibility with these limitations. For the service providers, significant constellation densification is essential for supporting robust, large-scale NB-IoT NTN deployments.
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    Investigation of the initiatory reactivity of polynitro-amines and-arenes via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
    (Keai Publishing Ltd, 2026-02-01) Patil, Veerabhadragouda B.; Rodriguez Pereira, Jhonatan; Zeman, Svatopluk
    The initiation reactivity of a wide range of polynitro compounds has been assessed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These compounds include nitramines (epsilon-CL20, beta-CL20, BCHMX, TTAZ), six beta-CL20/BCHMX co-agglomerates (CACs) and eight highly thermostable "genuine " polynitroarenes (HNBP, ONT, NONA, DODECA, TENN, BTX, TPT and TACOT Z), all of which exhibit primary homolysis of the trigger bond. The binding energies (Ebind) of N 1s and O 1s electrons have been analyzed in relation to the enthalpy of formation, impact and electric-spark sensitivity, detonation velocity and crystal density. Higher Ebind values in both elements correlate with increasing enthalpy of formation and impact sensitivity. Electric spark sensitivity is directly proportional to O 1s Ebind. Detonation velocity increases with Ebind; however, beta-CL20/BCHMX composites and the O 1s Ebind values of polynitro-polyazarenes (TACOT Z-BTX-TPT) show inverse trends. The relationship of N 1s Ebind with the longest X-NO2 bond ( X = C or N) in the molecule reflects nitro-group interactions with the rest of the molecule, whereas O 1s Ebind is shaped by crystal packing. Relationships between Ebind and crystal density have also been found and discussed. Additional correlations between N 1s Ebind values and FTIR symmetric N-O stretching support the identification cocrystals in CACs. These findings highlight XPS as a valuable tool for probing initiation reactivity and intermolecular behavior in energetic materials.
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    Formulace a testování nových typů bio-inspirovaných nanočástic pro teranostiku
    (Vysoké učení technické v Brně. CEITEC VUT) Vojníková, Michaela; Heger, Zbyněk; Kopel, Pavel; Hodek, Petr
    Integrácia terapeutických a diagnostických vlastností do jedného nanonosiča ponúka obrazom riadenú a presne kontrolovanú liečbu, čo sú kľúčové aspekty precíznej a personalizovanej medicíny. Napriek množstvu výhod, nanoteranostiká vyžadujú prekonanie výziev spojených s nádorovým mikroprostredím a potrebou presnej kontroly biodistribúcie, či riadeného uvoľňovania liečiva. Táto dizertačná práca preto predstavuje štyri bio-inšpirované teranostické platformy, ktoré riešia zásadné biomedicínske problémy. Proteínové nanonosiče na báze feritínu boli skúmané z hľadiska ich pH-riadenej disociácie a cielenej dodávky prostredníctvom transferínom sprostredkovanej endocytózy. Tento prístup umožňuje bunkovú internalizáciu sprostredkovanú transferínom a uvoľnenie liečiva v kyslom prostredí, pričom si zachováva štrukturálnu stabilitu vo fyziologických podmienkach. Biohybridné mikroroboty boli vyvinuté integráciou superparamagnetických nanočastíc oxidu železa na povrch Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Táto kombinácia umožňuje dvojitý aktivačný mechanizmus riadenia pomocou magnetotaxie a fototaxie s pokročilou kontrolou trajektórie, ako je 360° manévrovanie, režim „stop-and-go“ a triedenie viacerých populácií mikrorias. Následne boli navrhnuté MRI-riadené teranostické lipozómy s výnimočnou dlhodobou stabilitou, pH-senzitívnym uvoľňovaním liečiva a účinnou protinádorovou aktivitou in vivo v modeloch subkutánnych nádorov u myší. Tieto lipozómy boli podrobne študované v rámci biodistribúcie v reálnom čase za účelom získania farmakokinetického profilu. Na základe platformy teranostických lipozómov nasledoval vývoj novej generácie nanorobotického systému založeného na ureázovom motore, ktorý je zdrojom difúziou poháňaného pohybu. Dynamické nanočastice umožňujú zvýšiť interakciu medzi nanočasticami a bunkovými membránami a zlepšiť bunkový príjem, pričom sa zachovávajú vlastnosti MRI diagnostiky a terapeutického účinku. Tieto platformy spájajú diagnostické a terapeutické modality, odozvu na externé podnety a aktívny pohyb, čo môže prispieť k rozvoju multifunkčnej nanomedicíny smerom k liečbe prispôsobenej pacientovi.