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Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Tooth-bone attachment tissue is produced by cells with a mixture of odontoblastic and osteoblastic features in reptiles(Wiley, 2026-02-01) Sulcova, M.; Dumkova, J.; Huteckova, B.; Kavková, Michaela; Parobková, Viktória; Zahradnicek, O.; Krivanek, J.; Adameyko, I.; Kaiser, Jozef; Zikmund, Tomáš; Tucker, A. S.; Buchtova, M.Teeth are anchored in the jaw in a highly variable manner across vertebrates. In mammals and crocodiles, the teeth are cushioned inside bony sockets by periodontal ligaments, whereas most squamate reptiles have teeth firmly attached to the jawbone. Here, we analyzed the development of the attachment tissue in the veiled chameleon, a species with firm acrodont tooth attachment, to reveal the cellular processes establishing ankylosis and to determine the cell types contributing to the attachment. The tooth-bearing bones formed pedicles with edges fusing to the dentine via an attachment tissue produced by morphologically distinct cells exhibiting both osteoblastic and odontoblastic features. These cells were RUNX2-positive, suggesting their potential to differentiate into hard-tissue-producing cells. However, in contrast to the osteoblasts of the bony pedicles, tooth-bone interface (TBI) cells expressed elevated levels of Na+-/K+-ATPase and thus resembled odontoblasts. TBI cells were visible only temporarily, and after tooth-bone fusion they were removed by apoptosis and phagocytosis. Dynamic deposition of the hard matrix continued on both sides of the TBI and during the posthatching stages through the participation of osteoblasts. Overall, our findings demonstrate both odontoblast- and osteoblast-like characteristics of cells producing the attachment tissue at the TBI during development in chameleons, highlighting the existence of a transient intermediate cell population, which we call ankyloblasts.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Testing of milling cutter with the conformal cooling channels produced by the selective laser melting technology(Springer Nature, 2026-02-27) Kolomý, Štěpán; Slaný, Martin; Sedlák, Josef; Zouhar, Jan; Řiháček, Jan; Hajnyš, Jiří; Kouřil, KarelAdditive manufacturing (AM) provides a wide range of applications such as cutting tool bodies fabrication. The high strength maraging steel M300 manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) method was thoroughly studied in regards of microstructure and mechanical properties. In particular, by SEM and TEM it was found that the microstructure contained numerous nano-precipitates after heat treatment, which corresponded to an increase of compressive yield strength by 31.4% and hardness by 54.3% in vertical direction. Based on the analysis a new concept of milling tool body, which possessed conformal cooling channels was design and manufactured by SLM. Finite element method (FEM) was performed to verify the designed milling tool body. The fabrication of the new milling tool body was followed by technological tests, and the results were compared with a conventionally manufactured milling tool body. The comparison was carried out in terms of face milling, slot machining and shoulder milling for different cutting conditions and machined materials. A further comparison was made in regards of the durability of the inserts used when machining different types of materials and the cooling. It was found that the 3D printed tool resulted to 20% longer tool life than conventional tool when using internal cooling. This study can be used in industry in case of designing special milling tool bodies, which may serve as an effective instrument for more intensive cooling of cutting inserts.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Influence of deposition strategy on the microstructure of volumetric WADED-fabricated AZ61 magnesium alloy components(Elsevier, 2026-02-01) Seidler, Filip; Slavíček, Jakub; Koutný, DanielThis study investigates the impact of various deposition strategies on the microstructure of volumetric components fabricated from AZ61 magnesium alloy using Wire Arc Direct Energy Deposition (WADED), also referred to as Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). Because coarse grains can significantly reduce mechanical performance, thermal simulations were performed to identify low-cooling-rate regions associated with different deposition trajectories. Three deposition strategies were analysed: ZigZag, Spiral, and S-pattern. The simulated thermal profiles were validated by optical grain size analysis and hardness measurements. In the selected critical regions, where the largest grains are expected, the S-pattern achieved the narrowest range in grain size and hardness distribution. This trajectory also exhibited the finest microstructure in the most critical region, with the smallest average grain size. Additionally, it maintained good geometrical accuracy, indicating that it offers a promising route for producing high-quality magnesium-alloy components via WADED.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Theoretical framework and preliminary experimental evaluation of magnetically enhanced production of hydroxyl radicals in cavitating flows for wastewater treatment(WNGB Scientific Publishing House Sp. z o.o, 2026-02-01) Sikora, Petr; Fialová, Simona; Pochylý, František; Maršálková, EliškaHydrodynamic cavitation presents a promising approach to degrading recalcitrant organic pollutants in wastewater, as it generates extreme conditions that promote the formation of reactive oxygen species, particularly hydroxyl radicals. However, cavitation alone typically does not ensure sufficient radical production for effective water treatment, and is, therefore, often coupled with other advanced oxidation processes to enhance free radical yield. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics suggests that chemical reactions in cavitating liquids can be intensified through auxiliary physical effects, such as the relatively unexplored influence of an external magnetic field. This study presents a novel theoretical framework based on phenomenological principles of irreversible thermodynamics and experimentally evaluates the suggested beneficial effect of the synergistic combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and magnetic field. Conducted chemical analyses of treated tap water indicate increased radical activity, particularly reflected in shifts in pH and oxidation-reduction potential. The study highlights the potential of integrating magnetic fields into advanced oxidation processes and demonstrates the value of non-equilibrium thermodynamics concepts in understanding and optimizing such processes.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Ab initio computations of the mean radiant temperature of indoor spaces(Elsevier, 2026-03-01) Ficker, TomášConvenient thermal comfort in indoor spaces is a standard requirement that is commonly asked and expected by occupants. Although the notion of thermal comfort seems to be understandable, its monitoring and maintenance are not easy. In 1970, Fanger defined six parameters to quantify thermal comfort. Among these parameters, the so-called mean radiant temperature characterizes the temperature state of the room envelope and strongly influences the apparent temperature perceived by the occupants. The mean radiant temperature can be measured or computed. For its computation, Fanger's classical equation is frequently used. Unfortunately, this equation holds only for absolutely black surfaces that are free of reflections, but such surfaces do not exist in practice. Real non-black surfaces are accompanied by varying degrees of heat reflections; consequently, with such surfaces, Fanger's equation can provide only compromised values. So far, nobody has improved Fanger's equation to include reflections of low-emissive room envelopes. In this paper, the generalized equation is derived to compute the mean radiant temperature of room envelopes with arbitrary emissivities. The equation is derived based on the so-called algebraic radiosity method and uses the entire matrix of view factors, while Fanger's equation uses only one row of that matrix. The classical Fanger equation and the new generalized equation have been applied to a common living room with variable surface emissivities, and the results have been compared. Such a comparison enables quantification of the influence of heat reflections on mean radiant temperatures. Both equations show similar temperatures for emissivities in the range between 1 and 0.9, but with surfaces of lower emissivity, they yield different results due to non-negligible heat reflections. When the emissivities of room surfaces approach 0.8, the temperature differences reach 0.6 degrees C. When the emissivities are close to 0.6, the temperature difference is 1.6 degrees C, and at emissivities 0.1, a large temperature difference appears, reaching 8.3 degrees C. This fact has direct consequences for measuring temperatures with radiometers and thermocouples. Measurements with thermocouples that are attached to surfaces are almost insensitive to heat reflections, whereas measurements with radiometers placed apart from the surfaces suffer from heat reflections.