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Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , Synthesis of PtCu/C Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction via One-Step Electrochemical Erosion(American Chemical Society, 2026-01-21) Schneider, Peter M.; Kolíbalová, Eva; Rodriguez Pereira, Jhonatan; Sarpey, Theophilus K.; Schott, Christian M.; Gubanova, Elena L.; Chennam, Pavan Kumar; Senyshyn, Anatoliy; Benning, Christine; Elsner, Martin; Macák, Jan; Bandarenka, Aliaksandr S.Reducing the precious metal loading while increasing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mass activity of novel electrocatalysts constitutes one of the remaining key challenges in the widespread application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, which is inevitable for the transition to the climate-neutral hydrogen economy. However, this requires a simple, scalable, and affordable production of active nanostructured electrocatalysts. Alloyed nanoparticles of Platinum (Pt) with transition metals like cobalt, nickel, or copper have shown promising activity toward ORR, but their preparation usually involves complex multistep processes and environmentally harmful surfactants or structure-capping agents. In this work, we present the successful synthesis of nonspherical copper-alloyed Pt nanoparticles (PtCu) by employing a simple one-step top-down approach without surfactants or capping agents. The electrocatalysts were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The ORR kinetics were evaluated using the rotating (ring) disk electrode technique. The synthesized PtCu/C catalysts revealed outstanding mass activities of similar to 1.2 A mgPt -1 at 0.9 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode, which clearly surpasses state-of-the-art Pt-based catalysts in the literature and demonstrates the highest ORR mass activities reported for PtCu nanoparticles.Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , Effect of Ni Addition on the Phase Balance and Grain Boundary Character Distribution in 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated via LPBF(MDPI, 2026-01-21) Snopinski, Przemyslaw; Ardayfio, Beatrice; Dagnaw, Mengistu; Krol, Mariusz; Kotoul, Michal; Brytan, ZbigniewSuper duplex stainless steels (SDSSs) can be effectively fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), yet achieving the necessary phase balance remains a critical metallurgical challenge. The rapid solidification rates inherent to the LPBF process typically result in a predominantly ferritic microstructure. Since CSL boundaries-specifically high-symmetry & sum;3 twins-form preferentially in the austenite phase, achieving a high fraction of these boundaries in the ferritic as-built LPBF state remains a significant challenge. To address this limitation, we implemented a feedstock modification strategy by mechanically blending 2507 SDSS powder with 3 and 6 wt.% elemental nickel prior to LPBF processing. The microstructural evolution, phase distribution, and boundary character were comprehensively evaluated using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). Analysis revealed that the addition of nickel did not compromise densification, with all samples achieving relative densities exceeding 99.2%. While the base alloy remained 98.5% ferritic, the addition of 6 wt.% Ni successfully promoted the formation of approximately 31.1 wt.% austenite, characterized by intragranular laths formed via a massive-like transformation mechanism6. Crucially, despite the theoretical increase in Stacking Fault Energy (SFE) associated with high nickel content, the restored austenite phase exhibited a significant fraction of high-symmetry CSL & sum;3 twin boundaries (rising to 7.05%). These findings demonstrate that compositional modification can overcome the kinetic limitations of the LPBF process, facilitating the development of a favorable Grain Boundary Character Distribution (GBCD).Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , Optimisation of preheating and interpass temperature in WADED magnesium alloy AZ61: A comparative study on microstructure, residual stresses, and internal defects(Elsevier BV, 2026-06-01) Slavíček, Jakub; Zeman, Stanislav; Horynová, Miroslava; Senck, Sascha; Koutný, DanielThis study examines the effect of base material preheating on Wire Arc Direct Energy Deposition (WA-DED) of AZ61 magnesium alloy. The influence of preheating on the geometry and penetration behaviour of a single deposit was first evaluated and used to define suitable conditions for stabilising layer width in thin-walled structures. Two preheating strategies were examined, demonstrating that preheating the base material to 200C combined with the same interpass temperature provides the highest layer width stability and improved layer uniformity. The effect of preheating on residual stress was subsequently assessed through the analysis of base material deformation, revealing a reduction in residual stress of up to 50 % compared with fabrication without preheating. Furthermore, microstructural characterisation and µCT analysis were performed to investigate porosity formation mechanisms in the deposited material. Preheating was found to have a positive effect on wall thickness stabilisation, residual stress reduction, and porosity mitigation. Based on the combined evaluation of geometric stability, residual stress, and internal defects, a temperature of 250C was identified as the most suitable preheating and interpass temperature for WA-DED of AZ61 magnesium alloy.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , From Radiography to CT: Geometric Calibration Using a 3D-Printed Phantom(Elsevier, 2026-01-21) Procházková, Jana; Mikuláček, Pavel; Zemek, Marek; Zikmund, Tomáš; Štarha, PavelX-ray imaging is a widely utilised non-destructive technique in both medical and industrial applications. Contemporary advancements, such as computed tomography (CT), enable the reconstruction of three-dimensional representations of internal structures from multiple projection angles. This study presents the development of a compact and functional CT system based on a portable X-ray source and a digital detector. A key component of the system is a custom-designed calibration phantom manufactured using 3D printing and incorporating precisely arranged steel spheres. Geometric calibration is performed using an iterative optimization approach based on sphere projections acquired from multiple viewing angles. The proposed method achieves sub-pixel calibration accuracy, with residual geometric deviations consistently below approximately one-fifth of a detector pixel. The impact of calibration is demonstrated by a clear reduction of geometry-induced artifacts and an improvement in reconstruction consistency compared to the uncalibrated case. The complete spatial configuration of the system, including source, object, and detector alignment, is explicitly described, enabling reproducibility and facilitating further development. The proposed setup supports reliable qualitative tomographic imaging with minimal hardware requirements, thereby promoting the wider adoption of mobile and cost-effective CT technologies for field and industrial applications.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Strain Limit in Structural Steel Joint Analysis(Wiley, 2026-01-22) Golubiatnikov, Kirill; Vild, Martin; Wald, FrantisekInelastic numerical analysis is a classic method in engineering practice. Failure criteria are primarily expressed in terms of plastic strain limits. Several factors influence the plastic strain limit, including material properties, element geometry, numerical element type, mesh density, and constitutive relations. Component-Based Finite Element Method (CBFEM) is a widely used technique for the design of steel connections. It combines the analytical component method with the numerical finite element method (FEM). FEM is used to determine the distribution of internal forces, and plates are modeled using 4-node shell elements. Con-nection components are replaced by dependent nonlinear springs and analysis models derived from their specific behavior. This paper presents the results of determining the plastic strain limit for CBFEM numerical calculations. The limit is presented as a reduced value of the ultimate strain. The partial safety factor was determined for nine geometries of weakened plates based on design values obtained from Monte Carlo simulation and reliability analysis. The Monte Carlo simulation was performed using a combination of FEM analysis and analytical formulas implemented in Python. The plastic strain limit was found to be 4.77% over all mesh densities.