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Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for direct analysis of pristine and environmentally aged microplastics: A PCA-based approach(2026-01-01) Modlitbová, Pavlína; Kočenda, Dominik; Holub, Daniel; Starin, Mark; Novak, Janja; Putar, Ula; Kalčíková, Gabriela; Brunnbauer, Lukas; Limbeck, Andreas; Pořízka, Pavel; Kaiser, JozefThis study investigates the potential of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the differentiation and characterization of microplastics (MPs) in various stages of environmental aging. Three commonly encountered polymer types, polystyrene, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride, in the form of fragments were subjected to controlled aging under abiotic and biotic conditions for one and six weeks in the absence and presence of selected heavy metal ions (cadmium, chromium, and lead) to simulate environmentally relevant contamination. The LIBS-PCA approach effectively distinguishes between pristine and aged MPs and among different polymer types and aging scenarios. Biotic aging led to pronounced elemental changes which were further supported by parallel chlorophyll a measurements assessing the biofilm development. These findings highlight the applicability of LIBS-PCA as a rapid and informative tool for monitoring microplastic transformation in complex environmental settings.Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , G-quadruplex motifs prediction and visualization in Sus scrofa genome(2026-01-01) Šislerová, Lucie; Petrovič, Michal; Dobrovolná, Michaela; Šťastný, Jiří; Rozmaric, Tomaz; Dworak, Helene; Kratochvilová, Libuše; Veselá, Lenka; Schädl, Barbara; Gruber, Florian; Grillari, Johannes; Freystätter, Christian; Ogrodnik, Mikolaj; Brázda, VáclavSus scrofa is not only a key agricultural species but also a valuable biomedical model due to its physiological and anatomical similarities to humans. We present a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of putative G-quadruplexforming sequences (PQS) in the pig genome, with a focus on their distribution within regulatory and functionally relevant genomic regions. Our results demonstrate that PQS are non-randomly distributed, showing significant enrichment in promoter regions, untranslated regions, and other regulatory elements. These distribution patterns closely parallel those observed in the human genome, suggesting a conserved role for G-quadruplexes (G4s) across species. Importantly, we provide experimental validation of G4 structures in cells in situ of porcine dorsal skin samples using the G4-specific antibody SG4, confirming their presence at the cellular level. The high degree of similarity in PQS localization between pigs and humans highlights the translational potential of Sus scrofa for studying G4 biology and evaluating G4-targeted therapeutic strategies.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Influence of Geometric and Material Uncertainties on the Behavior of Monostable and Bistable Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters(2025-12-31) Sosna, Petr; Hadaš, ZdeněkUncertainties in geometry, material properties, and excitation forces critically influence the performance of nonlinear electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters, which are promising power sources for wireless sensor networks in industrial environments. These nonlinear harvesters rely on tunable magnetic stiffness to achieve broadband operation, but their strong nonlinear coupling makes them highly sensitive to small parameter deviations. This study investigates how geometric tolerances, variability of magnetic material properties, and excitation irregularities affect the dynamic response and harvested output power of electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters. Nonlinear magnetic restoring forces were obtained using Finite Element Method Magnetics simulations and implemented in a one-degree-of-freedom model for numerical analysis. The results show that deviations as small as ±0.1 mm in geometry or ±5% in magnetic coercivity can shift the system between monostable, bistable, and chaotic regimes, which could dramatically change wireless sensor operation. Controlled asymmetry of design and impulsive excitation were found to facilitate high-energy orbits, enhancing stability and energy conversion. These findings demonstrate that understanding and managing uncertainty amplification across geometric, material, and excitation domains is essential for reproducible and reliable operation, supporting the design of robust nonlinear electromagnetic harvesters for industrial applications of wireless sensor networks.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Potential of Thermal Sanitation of Stored Wheat Seeds by Flash Dry Heat as Protection Against Fungal Diseases(2026-01-07) Brummer, Vladimír; Juřena, Tomáš; Skryja, Pavel; Langová, Melanie; Bojanovský, Jiří; Pernica, Marek; Drda, Antonín; Nedělník, JanThe presented study aims to experimentally investigate the potential of flash sanitation (short time exposure to hot air stream) for wheat seeds to control surface contamination and protect against fungal diseases. Experiments were conducted at the laboratory scale using very short residence times (2–4 s) and higher temperature range (150–350 °C) of dry air stream at two different flow rates (280 L/min and 557 L/min). The goal was to identify thermal conditions that provide high sanitation efficiency while maintaining seed viability. A design of the experiment approach, employing central-composite design and face-centred response surface methodology, was used to evaluate the effects of the thermal treatment on seed surface temperature, sanitation efficiency, and germination capabilities. Higher air flow rate (557 L/min) significantly increased post-treatment seed surface temperatures (42.1–122.7 °C) compared to the flow rate of 280 L/min (36.7–80.5 °C). Pronounced germination drops were observed with air temperatures above 175 °C. Satisfactory sanitation efficiency >90% was achieved only with high-temperature air >250 °C, which, however, caused unacceptable germination loss. Extending residence time beyond the experimental plan is unlikely to yield significant benefits, as the factor was identified as weak and insignificant compared to temperature. Higher flow rates improve heat transfer but require strict control to prevent variability affecting seed quality. The heating media flow rate should be considered an essential factor in thermal treatment studies. Dry air has not proven to be appropriate for seeds’ flash sanitation within the selected experimental condition framework.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Analytical Evaluation of Hull-Design Parameters Affecting Ship Controllability and Dynamic Behaviour with Integrated Electric–Propulsion Systems(2026-01-07) Yarovenko, Volodymyr; Shumylo, Oleksandr; Malaksiano, Mykola; Melnyk, Oleksiy; Nosov, Pavlo; Píštěk, Václav; Kučera, PavelThis study presents an analytical methodology for evaluating the influence of hull design parameters on the controllability and manoeuvrability of ships equipped with integrated electric propulsion systems. Unlike traditional approaches that examine the hull and propulsion plant independently, the proposed method employs a generalized model of transient modes within the propulsion complex, enabling the coupled interaction among the hull, propulsion units, electric motors, and the electrical power system to be captured during manoeuvring. Active experimental design and regression modelling are applied to construct controllability diagrams, identify the most influential dimensionless parameters, and reduce computational effort. The methodology is used to assess the effect of hull elongation (0.08–0.16 L) with curvature variation limited to 6%. The results show that this degree of elongation has minimal impact on turning performance and course-keeping stability, confirming the feasibility of such design modifications. The proposed approach provides an effective tool for early-stage design and modernization of electric ships and supports decision-making in ship behaviour prediction and traffic management.