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Novel Second-Order Transfer Section for Frequency-Selective Response Generation in Comb Filters
(IEEE, 2025-03-07) Šotner, Roman; Semenov, Dmitrii; Andriukaitis, Darius; Svoboda, Marek; Polák, Ladislav
This article introduces a novel unified second-order filtering topology for standard band-reject (sBR) and inverting band-reject filter, enabling selective response generation. It is applied in the design of special comb filters that allow attenuation as well as amplification of specific bands. The presented solution offers several advantageous features in topology, enhanced cascadability, better parameter-setting performance, and the use of readily available off-the-shelf components, all while reducing overall costs. This is a significant improvement compared to the previous solutions in this field, which relied on a very expensive CMOS process. The topology employs a combination of an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and a current feedback amplifier. The intended center frequencies and transfer values of the comb filter are set to 50 Hz (-20 dB), 1 kHz (+26 dB), 10 kHz (+17 dB), and 100 kHz (-30 dB). The comb filter was experimentally verified via simulations as well as laboratory measurements utilizing LT1228 devices in a fabricated prototype.
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Propaganda agresorů
(Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, ) Huseva, Volha; Gabriel, Michal; Korbička, Pavel
Propaganda jako moderní nástroj působení na společenské vědomí v rámci východoevropského konfliktu roku 2022 je inspirací u výstupu mé diplomové práce. Lze pochopit z názvu, že středem pozornosti je válečná propaganda, která pomocí masmédií vytvořila paralelní svět. Nehledě na to, že tento svět je vytvořen z fikce a lží, existují lidé různého věku, původu a povolání, kteří ho považují za čistou pravdu. Do této skupiny lidí patří i jeden blízký člen mé rodiny. Celý tento fakt mi posloužil jako motivace k pochopení menanismu válečné propagandy, přičemž se tato osobní zkušenost stala pramenem mé inspirace, potažmo i důvodem pro výběr tohoto tématu. Válečná agresivní propaganda je děsivá tím, že omezuje jednotlivce ve vlastním myšlení, tím pádem způsobuje jeho degradaci a vytváří podmínky, aby oběť vzala „dobrovolně“ do svých rukou zbraň a šla do války. Cílem je vytvoření uměleckého projektu reagujícího na propagandu agresorů. Tohoto cíle chci dosáhnout pomocí site-specific instalace v prostoru skutečného opuštěného divadla. Jak jsem již zmínila, válečná propaganda vytvořila paralelní svět, což bylo podnětem k výběru divadla jako místa instalace; je to místo určeno k představení, k využití hereckých výkonů a fikce za cílem realizovat daný projekt postavený na smyšlence. Zvolila jsem prostor divadla Emila Králíka na Brněnském výstavišti. Strop divadla je momentálně v havarijním stavu, tudíž se může každou chvíli zhroutit, což navozuje atmosféru nebezpečí.
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Analyzing the performance of biomedical time-series segmentation with electrophysiology data
(NATURE PORTFOLIO, 2025-04-06) Ředina, Richard; Hejč, Jakub; Filipenská, Marina; Stárek, Zdeněk
Accurate segmentation of biomedical time-series, such as intracardiac electrograms, is vital for understanding physiological states and supporting clinical interventions. Traditional rule-based and feature engineering approaches often struggle with complex clinical patterns and noise. Recent deep learning advancements offer solutions, showing various benefits and drawbacks in segmentation tasks. This study evaluates five segmentation algorithms, from traditional rule-based methods to advanced deep learning models, using a unique clinical dataset of intracardiac signals from 100 patients. We compared a rule-based method, a support vector machine (SVM), fully convolutional semantic neural network (UNet), region proposal network (Faster R-CNN), and recurrent neural network for electrocardiographic signals (DENS-ECG). Notably, Faster R-CNN has never been applied to 1D signals segmentation before. Each model underwent Bayesian optimization to minimize hyperparameter bias. Results indicated that deep learning models outperformed traditional methods, with UNet achieving the highest segmentation score of 88.9 % (root mean square errors for onset and offset of 8.43 ms and 7.49 ms), closely followed by DENS-ECG at 87.8 %. Faster R-CNN and SVM showed moderate performance, while the rule-based method had the lowest accuracy (77.7 %). UNet and DENS-ECG excelled in capturing detailed features and handling noise, highlighting their potential for clinical application. Despite greater computational demands, their superior performance and diagnostic potential support further exploration in biomedical time-series analysis.
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The pharmaceutical quality of freeze-dried tablets containing therapeutic bacteriophages against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
(Elsevier, 2025-01-07) Komárková, Marie; Benešík, Martin; Černá, Eva; Sedláčková, Lucie; Moša, Marek; Vojtová, Lucy; Franc, Aleš; Pantůček, Roman
The preparation of a solid dosage form containing bacteriophages, which meets pharmaceutical requirements and ensures long-term stability of the phage effect, is significant for implementing phage therapy in practice. A commonly used method for processing phages into a solid form is freeze-drying into a so-called freeze-dried cake; however, to date there have been no studies examining the pharmacopeial parameters of freeze-dried tablets with bacteriophages. In this study, we describe the preparation and properties of freeze-dried tablets containing a cocktail of purified pseudomonal bacteriophage DSM 33593 from the genus Pbunavirus and staphylococcal bacteriophage DSM 33473 from the genus Kayvirus (108 PFU/tablet) as the active ingredient. Maltodextrin was used as a tablet filler, and D-mannitol was used as a cryoprotectant. The tablet preparation process resulted in a decrease in phage titer by no more than 1 log PFU/mL. For Pbunavirus, the titer values in tablet and liquid form were comparable. Kayvirus was more stable in tablet form than in liquid form after six months of storage at 25 degrees C (a decrease of 1.9 +/- 0.8 log PFU/mL and 3.8 +/- 0.7 log PFU/mL, respectively). The uniformity of mass of singledose preparations, uniformity of content of single-dose preparations, and their disintegration complied with pharmacopeial requirements. The uniformity of dosage units of the tablets was maintained over three months. A microscopic examination of the internal part of the tablet revealed a heterogeneous structure, which does not affect the required pharmacopeial properties of the tablets. This study highlights the potential of freeze-dried tablets for long-term preservation of the phage effect at room temperature.
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Robust acute myeloid leukemia engraftment in humanized scaffolds using injectable biomaterials and intravenous xenotransplantation
(Wiley, 2025-05-22) Buša, Daniel; Herůdková, Zdenka; Hýl, Jan; Vlažný, Jakub; Sokol, Filip; Matulová, Květoslava; Folta, Adam; Hynšt, Jakub; Vojtová, Lucy; Křen, Leoš; Repko, Martin; Ráčil, Zdeněk; Mayer, Jiří; Čulen, Martin
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) can be improved by implantation of a humanized niche. Nevertheless, the overall complexity of the current protocols, as well as the use of specific biomaterials and procedures, limits the wider adoption of this approach. Here, we identify the essential minimum steps required to create the humanized scaffolds and achieve successful acute myeloid leukemia (AML) engraftment. We compared seven biomaterials, which included both published and custom-designed materials. The highest level of bone marrow niche was achieved with extracellular matrix gels and custom collagen fiber, both of which allowed for a simple non-surgical implantation. The biomaterial selection did not influence the following AML infiltration. Regarding xenotransplantation, standard intravenous administration produced the most robust engraftment, even for two out of four otherwise non-engrafting AML samples. In contrast, direct intra-scaffold xenotransplantation did not offer any advantage. In summary, we demonstrate that the combination of an injectable biomaterial for scaffold creation plus an intravenous route for AML xenotransplantation provide the most convenient and robust approach to produce AML PDX using a humanized niche.