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Recent Submissions
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Higher Order Geometric Algebras and Their Implementations Using Bott Periodicity
(Springer Nature, 2024-08-31) Stodola, Marek; Hrdina, Jaroslav
Using the classification of Clifford algebras and Bott periodicity, we show how higher geometric algebras can be realized as matrices over classical low dimensional geometric algebras. This matrix representation allows us to use standard geometric algebra software packages more easily. As an example, we express the geometric algebra for conics (GAC) as a matrix over the Compass ruler algebra (CRA).
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Damage detection of riveted truss bridge using ANN-aided AMS optimization method
(CRC Press, 2024-07-12) Šplíchal, Bohumil; Lehký, David; Lamperová, Katarína
Aging transport infrastructure brings increased economic burden and uncertainties regarding the reliability, durability and safe use of structures. Early damage detection to locate incipient damage provides an opportunity for early structural maintenance and can guarantee structural reliability and continuing serviceability. This paper describes the use of the hybrid identification method, which combines a metaheuristic optimization technique aimed multilevel sampling with an artificial neural network-based surrogate model to approximate the inverse relationship between structural response and structural parameters. The method is applied to identify damage in existing riveted truss bridge. The effect of the damage rate and location on the identification speed and the accuracy of the solution is investigated and discussed.
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Assessing the ecological consequences of biodegradable plastics: Acute, chronic and multigenerational impacts of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate microplastics on freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna
(CELL PRESS, 2024-08-30) Procházková, Petra; Kalčíková, Gabriela; Maršálková, Eliška; Brtnický, Martin; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena; Kučerík, Jiří
Microplastics, pervasive contaminants in freshwater ecosystems, have raised ecological concerns. Efforts are underway to substitute conventional plastics with biodegradable alternatives that should be more easily decomposed in the environment. However, the biodegradation of these alternatives depends on specific conditions such as temperature, humidity, pH, and microorganisms, which are not always met. Consequently, these biodegradable alternatives can also fragment and generate microplastics, which can be ingested and affect biota. In this study, we investigated the acute, chronic, and multigenerational effects of two fractions (particles <63 mu m and particles <125 mu m) of biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) at varying concentrations on the inhibition, mortality, reproduction activity, and growth of the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna. No acute effects were observed for either size fraction. However, during chronic and multigenerational experiments, an increase in the concentration of P3HB microplastics corresponded with increased mortality, reduced reproductive activity, and slower growth among the mother organisms. Given the important role of D. magna in the food chain, these findings suggest that biodegradable microplastics may indeed negatively affect freshwater ecosystems.
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Ageing Management in the Prevention of Major Accidents in the Czech Republic
(The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering, 2024-11-01) Kotek, Luboš; Křivánek, David; Mukhametzianova, Leisan; Trávníček, Petr
This study examines the phenomenon of ageing in the context of major accident prevention, with a particular focus on the growing recognition of ageing as a significant contributor to industrial accidents. The concept of ageing has evolved from its initial association with material degradation to encompass a broader range of factors, including equipment obsolescence, spare parts availability and staff expertise. Legislation such as the European SEVESO III Directive has incorporated the issue of aging into safety management systems, reflecting its critical importance. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a literature review with a questionnaire survey, for the purpose of assessing ageing management practices in industrial facilities. The survey was completed by 103 respondents from the Czech Environmental Inspectorate. The results demonstrated that while 67% of respondents considered aging to be significant, gaps in documentation and planning still posed safety risks. A chi-square test revealed a statistically significant correlation between facility age and major accidents (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the necessity for enhanced awareness and training in aging management, advocating for structured information dissemination and methodological improvements in future studies.
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Labyrinth seal design for space applications
(Elsevier, 2025-02-14) Pouzar, Josef; Košťál, David; Westerberg, Lars-Göran; Nyberg, Erik; Křupka, Ivan
Labyrinth seals, extensively used in space applications, serve to prevent the loss of liquid lubricants and shield satellite subsystems from contamination. These seals are essential for the reliable functioning of bearings and for protecting satellite subsystems from contamination. This study compares analytical predictions of lubricant loss against experimental measurements and computer simulations to optimize labyrinth seal configurations. Analytical models tend to overestimate mass loss by 5-8 times compared to experimental data, indicating limited reliability for complex seal geometries. Simulations using MolFlow+ and COMSOL Multiphysics align closely with experimental results, providing accurate mass loss predictions. Key findings highlight that labyrinth length, width, and surface roughness are critical factors in minimizing evaporative mass loss. Notably, stepped labyrinth seals with relief grooves and optimized step positioning effectively reduce molecular beaming effects and improve sealing performance compared to straight geometries. Effective sealing not only reduces mission failures but also helps to minimize space debris, thereby promoting safer satellite missions.