Cesty a jejich vliv na vývoj reliéfu a krajiny: Příklad širšího okolí Staré Boleslavi
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Date
2024-10-04
Authors
Steklá, Tereza
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Referee
Mark
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební
Abstract
Vliv lidské činnosti na krajinu a reliéf lze dobře pozorovat na antropogenních tvarech dopravní infrastruktury. Cesty nespojují pouze místa na mapě, ale tvoří důležité pojítko mezi přírodními podmínkami a potřebami lidské společnosti. Prezentovaný výzkum je zaměřen na vyhodnocení vlivu dopravní infrastruktury na vývoj reliéfu a krajiny. Zvláštní pozornost byla věnována antropogennímu ovlivnění vodních toků. Komunikační síť se v okolí Staré Boleslavi začala tvořit již v pravěku. V průběhu historie docházelo ke zvyšování intenzity přímých i nepřímých vlivů cest na reliéf, přičemž největší změny nastaly během posledních 200 let. Za účelem zesplavnění a protipovodňové ochrany docházelo na Labi (ř. km 854–882) i Jizeře (ř. km 0–17) k napřimování a zkracování trasy koryta již v 19. století, kdy zde bylo Labe zkráceno o 7,32 km (20 %) a Jizera o 1,35 km (7 %). Index křivolakosti klesl u Labe z 1,50 na 1,19 a u Jizery z 1,39 na 1,29. Během posledních 200 let dochází na dolním toku Jizery k opětovnému meandrování koryta vlivem působení fluviální eroze a akumulace. U opevněného koryta Labe tento proces neprobíhá. Díky vyšší dynamice fluviálního systému mají antropogenní úpravy vodních toků často regionální přesah. Rozvoj cest vedl k lokálním přímým zásahům do původního reliéfu, a to vznikem nových povrchových tvarů. Zásahy člověka také způsobily ztrátu cenných informací o vývoji reliéfu.
The impact of human activity on the landscape and relief can be observed in the anthropogenic landforms of transport infrastructure. Roads not only connect places on a map but also serve as a crucial link between natural conditions and the needs of human society. The presented research focuses on evaluating the influence of transport infrastructure on relief and landscape evolution. Special attention was paid to the anthropogenic impact on watercourses. The development of the communication network around Stará Boleslav started in prehistoric times. The intensity of both direct and indirect effects of roads on the relief has increased throughout history, with the most significant changes occurring in the last 200 years. The Labe (Elbe, river km 854–882) and the Jizera (river km 0–17) were straightened and shortened in the 19th century to facilitate navigation and provide flood protection. Labe was shortened by 7.32 km (20%) and the Jizera by 1.35 km (7%). The sinuosity index of the Labe decreased from 1.50 to 1.19 and that of the Jizera from 1.39 to 1.29. Over the past 200 years, the lower course of the Jizera has been remeandering due to fluvial erosion and accumulation. This process was not observed in the fortified Elbe riverbed. Anthropogenic modifications of watercourses often have regional implications due to the higher dynamic of the fluvial system. The development of roads led to direct local changes in the relief, which resulted in the creation of new landforms. Human impact also caused the loss of valuable information about the evolution of the relief.
The impact of human activity on the landscape and relief can be observed in the anthropogenic landforms of transport infrastructure. Roads not only connect places on a map but also serve as a crucial link between natural conditions and the needs of human society. The presented research focuses on evaluating the influence of transport infrastructure on relief and landscape evolution. Special attention was paid to the anthropogenic impact on watercourses. The development of the communication network around Stará Boleslav started in prehistoric times. The intensity of both direct and indirect effects of roads on the relief has increased throughout history, with the most significant changes occurring in the last 200 years. The Labe (Elbe, river km 854–882) and the Jizera (river km 0–17) were straightened and shortened in the 19th century to facilitate navigation and provide flood protection. Labe was shortened by 7.32 km (20%) and the Jizera by 1.35 km (7%). The sinuosity index of the Labe decreased from 1.50 to 1.19 and that of the Jizera from 1.39 to 1.29. Over the past 200 years, the lower course of the Jizera has been remeandering due to fluvial erosion and accumulation. This process was not observed in the fortified Elbe riverbed. Anthropogenic modifications of watercourses often have regional implications due to the higher dynamic of the fluvial system. The development of roads led to direct local changes in the relief, which resulted in the creation of new landforms. Human impact also caused the loss of valuable information about the evolution of the relief.
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Citation
Prostor pro život: cesty. Sborník mezinárodní konference Krajina Sídla Památky 2024, s. 90-99. ISBN 978-80-214-6263-2.
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Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/