Assessing Lettuce Exposure to a Multipharmaceutical Mixture under Hydroponic Conditions: Findings through LC-ESI-TQ Analysis and Ecotoxicological Assessments

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dc.contributor.authorMravcová, Ludmilacs
dc.contributor.authorJašek, Vojtěchcs
dc.contributor.authorHamplová, Mariecs
dc.contributor.authorNavrkalová, Jitkacs
dc.contributor.authorAmrichová, Annacs
dc.contributor.authorZlámalová Gargošová, Helenacs
dc.contributor.authorFučík, Jancs
dc.coverage.issue50cs
dc.coverage.volume9cs
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-11T11:56:27Z
dc.date.available2025-06-11T11:56:27Z
dc.date.issued2024-11-28cs
dc.description.abstractThe escalating global water scarcity demands innovative solutions, one of which is hydroponic vegetable cultivation systems that increasingly use reclaimed wastewater. Nevertheless, even treated wastewater may still harbor various emerging organic contaminants, including pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of pharmaceuticals, focusing on bioconcentration factors (BCFs), translocation factors (TFs), pharmaceutical persistence in aqueous environment, ecotoxicological end points, and associated environmental and health risks. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was cultivated hydroponically throughout its entire growth cycle, exposed to seven distinct concentration levels of contaminants ranging from 0 to 500 mu g<middle dot>L-1 over a 35-day period. The findings revealed a diverse range of BCFs (2.3 to 880 L<middle dot>kg(-1)) and TFs (0.019-1.48), suggesting a high potential of pharmaceutical uptake and translocation by L. sativa. The degradation of 20 pharmaceuticals within the water-lettuce system followed first-order degradation kinetics. Substantial ecotoxicological effects on L. sativa were observed, including increased mortality, alterations in root morphology and length, and changes in biomass weight (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the estimated daily intake of pharmaceuticals through L. sativa consumption suggested considerable health risks, even if lettuce would be one of the many vegetables consumed. It is hypothetical, as the values were calculated. Moreover, this study assessed the environmental risk associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic environments, revealing a significantly high risk of AMR emergence. In conclusion, these findings emphasize the multifaceted challenges posed by pharmaceutical contamination in aquatic environments and the necessity of proactive measures to mitigate associated risks to both environmental and human health.en
dc.formattextcs
dc.format.extent49707-49718cs
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfcs
dc.identifier.citationACS OMEGA. 2024, vol. 9, issue 50, p. 49707-49718.en
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acsomega.4c08013cs
dc.identifier.issn2470-1343cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1011-6616cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8020-4948cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8309-8012cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3408-4383cs
dc.identifier.other191296cs
dc.identifier.researcheridG-9690-2018cs
dc.identifier.scopus25621742800cs
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11012/251925
dc.language.isoencs
dc.publisherAMER CHEMICAL SOCcs
dc.relation.ispartofACS OMEGAcs
dc.relation.urihttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsomega.4c08013cs
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalcs
dc.rights.accessopenAccesscs
dc.rights.sherpahttp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/2470-1343/cs
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/cs
dc.subjectpharmaceuticalen
dc.subjectbioaccumulationen
dc.subjectQuEChERSen
dc.subjectliquid chromatographyen
dc.subjectmass spectrometryen
dc.subjectecotoxicologyen
dc.subjectrisk assessmenten
dc.subjectenvironmental chemistryen
dc.titleAssessing Lettuce Exposure to a Multipharmaceutical Mixture under Hydroponic Conditions: Findings through LC-ESI-TQ Analysis and Ecotoxicological Assessmentsen
dc.type.driverarticleen
dc.type.statusPeer-revieweden
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen
sync.item.dbidVAV-191296en
sync.item.dbtypeVAVen
sync.item.insts2025.06.11 13:56:27en
sync.item.modts2025.06.11 13:33:01en
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická. Ústav chemie materiálůcs
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická. Ústav chemie a technologie ochrany životního prostředícs
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická. Centrum materiálového výzkumucs
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Středoevropský technologický institut VUT. Pokročilé polymerní materiály a kompozitcs
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Pokročilé polymerní materiály a kompozit
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