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- ItemŘízení rizik vybraných prvků kritické dopravní infrastruktury(Czech Technical University in Prague, 2022-09-22) Procházková, Danuše; Procházka, Jan; Martincová, Jana Victoria; Kertis, TomášPro plnění základních funkcí státu je bezpečnost kritické infrastruktury zásadní, a proto ji musí být věnována pozornost. Dopravní infrastruktura patří do kritické infrastruktury. Její prvky: mosty; tunely; nádraží; letiště; a řízení jejich provozu, jsou zásadně důležité. Článek shrnuje zásady pro řízení rizik zmíněných prvků kritické dopravní infrastruktury založený na systémovém pojetí a respektující socio-kyberfyzickou povahu prvků a složitost systémů v dynamicky se vyvíjejícím světě.
- ItemInvestigation of arsenic removal from aqueous solution through selective sorption and nanofiber-based filters(Springer, 2021-06-21) Domincová Bergerová, Eva; Kimmer, Dušan; Kovářová, Miroslava; Lovecká, Lenka; Vincent, Ivo; Adamec, Vladimír; Köbölová, Klaudia; Sedlařík, VladimírBackground This research paper focuses on removing of arsenic from contaminated water via a nanofibrous polymeric microfiltration membrane, applied in prospective combination with an inorganic sorbent based on iron oxide hydroxide FeO(OH). Materials and methods Nanofibrous materials were prepared by electrospinning from polyurethane selected by an adsorption test. The chemical composition (FTIR), morphology (SEM, porometry) and hydrophilicity (contact angle) of the prepared nanostructured material were characterized. The process of eliminating arsenic from the contaminated water was monitored by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The adsorption efficiency of the nanofibrous material and the combination with FeO(OH) was determined, the level of arsenic anchorage on the adsorption filter was assessed by a rinsing test and the selectivity of adsorption in arsenic contaminated mineral water was examined. Results It was confirmed that the hydrophilic aromatic polyurethane of ester type PU918 is capable of capturing arsenic by complexation on nitrogen in its polymer chains. The maximum As removal efficiency was around 62 %. Arsenic was tightly anchored to the polymeric adsorbent. The adsorption process was sufficiently selective. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of even a small amount of FeO(OH) (0.5 g) to the nanofiber filter would increase the efficiency of As removal by 30 %. Conclusions The presented results showed that an adsorption filter based on a polyurethane nanostructured membrane added with an inorganic adsorbent FeO(OH) is a suitable way for the elimination of arsenic from water. However, it is necessary to ensure perfect contact between the surface of the nanostructure and the filtered medium.
- ItemStandardizace bezpečnosti komunikace vlak-řídící centrum(Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně, 2020-11-27) Procházka, Jan; Novobilský, Petr; Procházková, DanušeŽelezniční infrastruktura je SoS (System of Systems) a skládá se z mnoha různých částí. Předmětné pod-systémy mají tendenci být propojeny jak fyzicky, tak prostřednictvím komunikačních technologií. Zajištění bezpečné komunikace mezi subsystémy je pak klíčovým úkolem pro předcházení rizikům spojeným s propojeními pod-systémů. Železnice má také status kritické infrastruktury. Ochrana kritických částí železniční infrastruktury je jedním ze základních cílů národní bezpečnosti. Národní železnice zahrnuje její konstrukční prvky a systém řízení, i organizaci železniční dopravy ve vztahu k evropské železniční síti. Při zabezpečení a zajišťování bezpečí železnice jako kyber-fyzického systému je potřeba nastavit minimum požadavků, které by měly spravovat všechny systémy. Důležité jsou také postupy, kterými lze dosáhnout minimálních požadavků, stejně jako zesílení bezpečnosti systému. K danému účelu slouží nejrůznější standardy pro všechny prvky železnice, stejně jako pro nastavení celého systému. Nově vzniká technická specifikace, která přenáší nejnovější poznatky v zabezpečení komunikací do potřeb železnice, prTS 50701.
- ItemVolatile organic compounds in motor vehicle interiors under various conditions and their effect on human health(Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, 2020-05-17) Verner, Jan; Sejkorová, Marie; Veselík, PetrThe aim of this paper is to estimate the mass concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E) and m-, p-, o-xylenes (X) inside of the driver-compartment of motor vehicles. The results were compared with the Czech limits for indoor environments and the external concentrations. The experiments were carried out on various routes with different methods of ventilation. The volatile emissions detected inside the vehicle were investigated in the city of Brno, Czech Republic. Cabin air was collected using desorption tubes and the samples were analysed by thermal desorption gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector coupled with a mass detector. VOC concentrations detected in the cabin of the vehicle ranged from 2.93 mu g.m(-3) to 7.96 mu g.m(-3) for benzene, 1.42 mu s.m(-3) to 4.38 mu g.m(-3). for toluene, 44.06 mu g.m(-3) to 152.00 mu g.m(-3) for ethylbenzene and 63.07 mu g.m(-3) to 479.62 mu g.m(-3) for xylenes. The indoor limit value for benzene, according to the Czech standard, is 7 mu g.m(-3). Levels of toluene were consistently below the Czech hourly standard, whose value according to the Czech standard is 300 mu g.m(-3). According to our findings, various methods of ventilation are an important factor influencing the BTEX pollution levels within the interior of the vehicle. In addition, this paper presents the influence results of benzene on the health of passengers inside the cabin of the vehicle. The results show that all age categories, especially children under the age of two, are exposed to increased health risks.
- ItemNanoparticle Number Concentration in the Air in Relation to the Time of the Year and Time of the Day(MDPI, 2020-05-19) Brzezina, Jáchym; Köbölová, Klaudia; Adamec, VladimírThe paper analyzes suspended particles number concentrations of 61 size fractions (184 nm to 17,165 nm) in the air at a traffic location. The average course of the individual fractions was analyzed at various intervals - daily, weekly, monthly and annually, in the period between 2017 and 2019. The data was then used to calculate the arithmetic mean for all the fractions (MS Excel, R) and then using a proprietary web application, heatmaps were constructed. The obtained results showed significant differences in both the annual and daily variation of number concentrations between the individual fractions differing in particle size. In the case of the annual variation, one can see a greater variability of smaller particles, which is most likely due to the source of the actual suspended particles. Meteorological and dispersion conditions are found as important factors for suspended particle concentrations. These can lead to significant differences from year to year. However, a comparison between 2018 and 2019 showed that even though the average absolute number concentrations can differ between years, the actual relative number concentrations, i.e., the ratios between the individual fractions remain very similar. In conclusion it can be said that the difference between the number concentration variation of the size fractions depends on both the actual pollution sources (especially in the long-term, i.e., the annual variation) and the actual size of the particles, which plays a role especially in the short-term (daily, weekly variation).