Vliv obsahu organické hmoty a vápníku na imobilizaci léčiv v půdě
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Kotradyová, Viktória
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A
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická
Abstract
Zámerom tejto diplomovej práce bolo poukázať na problematiku výskytu antibiotík v prírode, predovšetkým tetracyklínu. Vysoká celosvetová spotreba, limitovaná metabolizácia v organizme a neúplná degradácia v ČOV sú príčiny, prečo sú farmaceutiká nachádzané v životnom prostredí. Ich prítomnosť môže negatívne vplývať na prírodný ekosystém, vrátane ľudí. Je preto dôležité zaoberať sa ich správaním a hľadať riešenia, ako ich z prírody odstrániť. Samotná pôda má samočistiacu schopnosť, dokáže tieto polutanty imobilizovať do štruktúr organických látok a zabrániť tak ich následnej migrácii. Prítomnosť anorganických katiónov v pôde zohráva podstatnú úlohu pri sorpčnom procese antibiotík. Konkrétne pri tetracyklíne je nutné brať v úvahu aj ióny vápnika z pôdy, s ktorými tvorí chelatačné komplexy. V praktickej časti boli sorpčnými a desorpčnými experimentami sledované interakcie tetracyklínu s pôdnymi systémami. Boli skúmané štyri pôdy s rôznym obsahom organickej hmoty a vápnika. Tetracyklín sa s vysokou účinnosťou adsorboval do všetkých štyroch pôd. Desorpčné procesy vykazovali nízku účinnosť a poukázali na stabilnú adsorpciu v pôde. Experimentálne dáta boli preložené Langmuirovou a Freundlichovou izotermou, kde druhá spomínaná je vhodná pre tri zo štyroch pôd. Následne boli prevedené sorpčné a desorpčné experimenty v pufroch so štyrmi rôznymi pH hodnotami (3, 5, 7 a 10). Vplyv pH na sorpcie nebol markantný, pri desorpciách boli sledované vyššie desorbované množstvá tetracyklínu pri nižších pH. Pre zistenie rýchlosti degradácie tetracyklínu na svetle bola sledovaná jeho fotodegradácia v roztoku. Výsledky ukazujú, že po 29. dňoch jeho koncentrácia klesla o 22 % z pôvodnej koncentrácie. Kvantitatívna analýza prebiehala pomocou UV-VIS spektroskopie a kvapalinovej chromatografie. Pre získanie informácii o sorpčnom mechanizme boli zmerané FTIR spektrá pôd.
This thesis aimed to highlight the problem of antibiotics and their presence in nature, particularly tetracycline. High global consumption, limited metabolism in the body and incomplete degradation in wastewater treatment plants represent the reasons why pharmaceuticals have been found in the environment. Their presence might have a negative impact on the natural ecosystem, including humans. Therefore, addressing their behaviour and finding solutions for their removal from nature seems important. The soil itself has a self-cleaning capacity, which may immobilise these pollutants into organic structures to prevent their subsequent migration. The presence of inorganic cations in soil plays an essential role in the sorption process of antibiotics. Calcium ions from the soil with whom the tetracycline forms chelate complexes, should be also taken into account. Regarding the practical part, tetracycline interactions with soil systems were studied in both sorption and desorption experiments. Four soils with different amounts of organic matter and calcium have been examined. Tetracycline was extensively adsorbed to all four soils. Desorption processes showed low efficiency and refer to stable adsorption onto soil. The experimental data were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, where the second mentioned is suitable for three of the four soils. Subsequently, sorption and desorption experiments were conducted in four different pH buffers (3, 5, 7 and 10). The effect of pH on sorption was not significant, however during desorption at lower pH higher desorbed levels of tetracycline were observed. Photodegradation of tetracycline in solution was investigated to determine the rate of degradation of tetracycline on light, where the results indicated that the concentration decreased by 22 % after 29 days compared to the applied concentration. Quantitative analysis was carried out using UV-VIS spectroscopy and liquid chromatography. In addition, the soil spectra of the FTIR were measured to obtain information on the sorption mechanism
This thesis aimed to highlight the problem of antibiotics and their presence in nature, particularly tetracycline. High global consumption, limited metabolism in the body and incomplete degradation in wastewater treatment plants represent the reasons why pharmaceuticals have been found in the environment. Their presence might have a negative impact on the natural ecosystem, including humans. Therefore, addressing their behaviour and finding solutions for their removal from nature seems important. The soil itself has a self-cleaning capacity, which may immobilise these pollutants into organic structures to prevent their subsequent migration. The presence of inorganic cations in soil plays an essential role in the sorption process of antibiotics. Calcium ions from the soil with whom the tetracycline forms chelate complexes, should be also taken into account. Regarding the practical part, tetracycline interactions with soil systems were studied in both sorption and desorption experiments. Four soils with different amounts of organic matter and calcium have been examined. Tetracycline was extensively adsorbed to all four soils. Desorption processes showed low efficiency and refer to stable adsorption onto soil. The experimental data were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, where the second mentioned is suitable for three of the four soils. Subsequently, sorption and desorption experiments were conducted in four different pH buffers (3, 5, 7 and 10). The effect of pH on sorption was not significant, however during desorption at lower pH higher desorbed levels of tetracycline were observed. Photodegradation of tetracycline in solution was investigated to determine the rate of degradation of tetracycline on light, where the results indicated that the concentration decreased by 22 % after 29 days compared to the applied concentration. Quantitative analysis was carried out using UV-VIS spectroscopy and liquid chromatography. In addition, the soil spectra of the FTIR were measured to obtain information on the sorption mechanism
Description
Citation
KOTRADYOVÁ, V. Vliv obsahu organické hmoty a vápníku na imobilizaci léčiv v půdě [online]. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická. 2024.
Document type
Document version
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Language of document
cs
Study field
Procesy a materiály medicínských aplikací
Comittee
doc. PharmDr. Ing. Radka Opatřilová, Ph.D. (člen)
doc. Ing. Zdenka Kozáková, Ph.D. (člen)
prof. Mgr. Martin Vala, Ph.D. (člen)
prof. Ing. Stanislav Obruča, Ph.D. (místopředseda)
prof. Ing. Miloslav Pekař, CSc. (předseda)
Date of acceptance
2024-05-28
Defence
Obhajoba proběhla podle následujícího schématu: prezentace studentky-vyjádření vedoucí/ho-oponentský posudek-reakce na posudek-diskuse s komisí. Studentka přednesla výborný výtah výsledků své diplomové práce, řádně zodpověděla všechny dotazy oponentské i členů komise, pohotově reagovala na připomínky. V diskusi tak studentka prokázala výbornou schopnost orientace v teoretických i praktických základech problematiky diplomové práce. Komise zhodnotila její diplomovou práci celkově jako výbornou.
Pekař: Odkud byly získány vzorky půdy? Jak dlouho trvaly experimenty?
Obruča: Proč byl vybrán zrovna tetracyklin?
Kozáková: Co vznikalo v roztoku po 6 měsících?
Vala: Dá se z výsledků odvodit, zda dochází k akumulaci antibiotika na vápenitých půdách?
Result of defence
práce byla úspěšně obhájena
Document licence
Standardní licenční smlouva - přístup k plnému textu bez omezení