Optimizing components for Dilithium and Kyber unified hardware implementation

Abstract

As the ongoing standardization process of postquantum schemes yields initial outcomes, it is important not only to focus on optimization of standalone implementations but also to explore the possibilities of combining multiple schemes into one unified architecture. In this paper, we focus on exploring the combination of two NIST selected schemes, namely the CRYSTALS-Dilithium digital signature scheme and the CRYSTALS-Kyber key encapsulation scheme. We present optimized designs of unified hardware components that can be used as building blocks for these schemes. All implemented components outperform state-of-the-art implementations in both hardware utilization and performance.