Hybrid Keys in Practice: Combining Classical, Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography
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Date
2024-02-10
Authors
Ricci, Sara
Dobiáš, Patrik
Malina, Lukáš
Hajný, Jan
Jedlička, Petr
0000-0003-0842-4951Advisor
Referee
Mark
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Publisher
IEEE
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Abstract
Currently, with the threat of quantum computer attacks, the idea of combining several same-type primitives has reemerged. This is also the case for cryptographic keys where a hybrid quantum key exchange combination allows for preserving the security guarantees of pre-quantum schemes and achieving quantum resistance of post-quantum schemes. In this article, we present a concrete 3-key combiner system implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) platform. Our system involves a pre-quantum Key EXchange scheme (KEX), a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, and a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) algorithm. The proposed 3-key combiner is proven to be secure in the quantum standard model and it is INDistinguishable under a Chosen-Ciphertext Attack (IND-CCA). Our combiner can run in small FPGA platforms due to its relatively low resources usage. In particular, the key combiner without QKD is able to output up to 1 624 keys per second and the key combiner with QKD is able to output up to 9.2 keys per second.
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Peer-reviewed
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en