Kinematic and neuromuscular responses to different visual focus conditions in stand-up paddleboarding

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dc.contributor.authorFreitas, Joo Diogocs
dc.contributor.authorConceiço, Anacs
dc.contributor.authorŠťastný, Jancs
dc.contributor.authorMorais, Jorge E.cs
dc.contributor.authorMarques, Diogo L.cs
dc.contributor.authorLouro, Hugocs
dc.contributor.authorMarinho, Daniel Almeidacs
dc.contributor.authorNeiva, Henrique P.cs
dc.coverage.issue1cs
dc.coverage.volume13cs
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-26T13:55:50Z
dc.date.available2025-05-26T13:55:50Z
dc.date.issued2025-04-23cs
dc.description.abstractPurpose: This study analyzed the kinematics and muscle activity during the stand-up paddleboarding (SUP) under different visual focus points in three conditions: i) eyes on the board nose, ii) looking at the turn buoy, and iii) free choice. Methods: Fourteen male paddleboarders (24.2 +/- 7.1 years) performed three trials covering 65 m, and the electromyographic (EMG) activation patterns and kinematic parameters in four cycle strokes for the left and right sides were analyzed. Surface EMG of the upper trapezius, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius medialis were recorded. The data were processed according to the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC). Speed, stroke frequency (SF), stroke length, and stroke index (SI) were analyzed. Results: The speed, SF, and SI (p < 0.01, eta 2 >= 0.42) showed significant variance between conditions, with the free condition achieving the highest speed (1.20 +/- 0.21 m/s), SF (0.65 +/- 0.13 Hz) and SI (2.25 +/- 0.67 m2/s). This condition showed greater neuromuscular activity, particularly in the triceps brachii during both the left (42.25 +/- 18.76 %MVC) and right recoveries (32.93 +/- 16.06 %MVC). During the pull phase, the free choice presented higher biceps brachii activity (8.51 +/- 2.80 %MVC) compared to the eyes on the board nose (6.22 +/- 2.41 %MVC; p < 0.01), while showing lower activity in the triceps brachii (10.02 +/- 4.50 %MVC vs. 16.52 +/- 8.45 %MVC; p < 0.01) and tibialis anterior (12.24 +/- 7.70 %MVC vs. 17.09 +/- 7.73 %MVC; p < 0.01) compared to looking at the turn buoy. Conclusion: These results suggest that a free visual focus allows paddleboarders to enhance their kinematics and muscle activation, highlighting the significance of visual focus strategies in improving both competitive and recreational SUP performance.en
dc.formattextcs
dc.format.extent1-16cs
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfcs
dc.identifier.citationPeerJ. 2025, vol. 13, issue 1, p. 1-16.en
dc.identifier.doi10.7717/peerj.19362cs
dc.identifier.issn2167-8359cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8058-4568cs
dc.identifier.other197884cs
dc.identifier.researcheridD-7191-2016cs
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11012/251030
dc.language.isoencs
dc.publisherPeerJcs
dc.relation.ispartofPeerJcs
dc.relation.urihttps://peerj.com/articles/19362/cs
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalcs
dc.rights.accessopenAccesscs
dc.rights.sherpahttp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/2167-8359/cs
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/cs
dc.subjectMuscle activationen
dc.subjectEMGen
dc.subjectRecreational-levelen
dc.subjectStroke lengthen
dc.subjectStroke frequencyen
dc.subjectStand-up paddleen
dc.titleKinematic and neuromuscular responses to different visual focus conditions in stand-up paddleboardingen
dc.type.driverarticleen
dc.type.statusPeer-revieweden
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen
sync.item.dbidVAV-197884en
sync.item.dbtypeVAVen
sync.item.insts2025.05.26 15:55:50en
sync.item.modts2025.05.26 15:32:50en
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Centrum sportovních aktivit. Centrum sportovních aktivitcs
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