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- ItemPrůmysl 4.0 a naplňování „třetí role univerzit“ na příkladech dobré praxe v oblasti kinantropologických a biomedicínských oborů(FTK UP Olomouc, 2024-12-15) Sigmund, Martin; Prycl, David; Tuček, David; Platoš, Jan; Kubečka, Petr; Korvas, PavelV tradičním pojetí vnímání univerzit byl dlouhou dobu akcentován model první a druhé role. První role univerzit byla vždy spjata se samotným vzděláváním. Druhá role pak s vědecko-výzkumnou činností. Třetí role univerzit je dnes již zakotvena jako nedílná součást dlouhodobých záměrů většiny univerzit. Hlavní myšlenkou je především skutečnost, že univerzity, fakulty a její parciální pracoviště by se neměly uzavírat do sebe samých, ale měly by zaujmout aktivní roli ve veřejném prostoru. V současnosti jedním z modelů naplňování třetí role je pojetí univerzity, která může být pojímána nebo se může profilovat jako podnikatelský subjekt – triple helix model. Tímto může docházet k větší propojenosti univerzit s aplikační a podnikatelskou praxí. Tato skutečnost následně umožňuje komercializovat výsledky vědecko-výzkumné činnosti, podílet se na pokrytí nákladových položek a případně generovat zisk konkrétních univerzitních pracovišť. Cíle: Cílem práce je představení konceptu Průmysl 4.0, jeho vliv a přesahy do oblasti práce a vzdělávání, včetně naplňování třetí role univerzit. V analytické části je cílem představit konkrétní příklady „dobré praxe“ v realizaci naplňování třetí role v rámci činnosti univerzitního vědeckotechnického parku a ve spolupráci s dalšími významnými univerzitními pracovišti v ČR a subjekty z podnikatelského prostředí. Závěry: Předložená práce naznačuje možnosti propojení univerzitního prostředí a vybraných pracovišť s podnikatelským prostředím na konkrétních příkladech dobré praxe. Jsou předloženy možnosti vzájemné spolupráce různých univerzitních pracovišť s komerční sférou, ve snaze naplňovat třetí roli univerzit v kontextu modelu triple helix.
- ItemComparative study of cross-country skiing on grip and skin skis(ARD Asociación Espaola, 2025-05-29) Korvas, Pavel; Goldschmidt, Tobiáš; Jaroš, Oliver; Šťastný, JanThe technology of cross-country skis for classic running is constantly evolving in the areas of ski construction or materials for ski construction. A study was focused to compare kinematic and kinetic parameters on grip and non-wax skis. Two groups of cross-country skiers participated in the with different skills quality. Kinematic and kinetic parameters of diagonal stride were observed: times of step cycle and phases, average and maximum pressure values of cycle phases. Pressure insole system was used for data collection. The Cohen size coefficient d was used. Differences between group of large effect size were found both on the flat and uphill for skiing on both types of skis (d = 0.82 - 17.26). Technically better skier showed minimal difference between skiing on both types of skis. For recreational skiers were found more differences on the uphill. Differences correspond to quality of movement patterns and ability of skiers to apply more efficiently technique on different types of skis on different type of terrain.
- ItemKinematic and neuromuscular responses to different visual focus conditions in stand-up paddleboarding(PeerJ, 2025-04-23) Freitas, Joo Diogo; Conceiço, Ana; Šťastný, Jan; Morais, Jorge E.; Marques, Diogo L.; Louro, Hugo; Marinho, Daniel Almeida; Neiva, Henrique P.Purpose: This study analyzed the kinematics and muscle activity during the stand-up paddleboarding (SUP) under different visual focus points in three conditions: i) eyes on the board nose, ii) looking at the turn buoy, and iii) free choice. Methods: Fourteen male paddleboarders (24.2 +/- 7.1 years) performed three trials covering 65 m, and the electromyographic (EMG) activation patterns and kinematic parameters in four cycle strokes for the left and right sides were analyzed. Surface EMG of the upper trapezius, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius medialis were recorded. The data were processed according to the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC). Speed, stroke frequency (SF), stroke length, and stroke index (SI) were analyzed. Results: The speed, SF, and SI (p < 0.01, eta 2 >= 0.42) showed significant variance between conditions, with the free condition achieving the highest speed (1.20 +/- 0.21 m/s), SF (0.65 +/- 0.13 Hz) and SI (2.25 +/- 0.67 m2/s). This condition showed greater neuromuscular activity, particularly in the triceps brachii during both the left (42.25 +/- 18.76 %MVC) and right recoveries (32.93 +/- 16.06 %MVC). During the pull phase, the free choice presented higher biceps brachii activity (8.51 +/- 2.80 %MVC) compared to the eyes on the board nose (6.22 +/- 2.41 %MVC; p < 0.01), while showing lower activity in the triceps brachii (10.02 +/- 4.50 %MVC vs. 16.52 +/- 8.45 %MVC; p < 0.01) and tibialis anterior (12.24 +/- 7.70 %MVC vs. 17.09 +/- 7.73 %MVC; p < 0.01) compared to looking at the turn buoy. Conclusion: These results suggest that a free visual focus allows paddleboarders to enhance their kinematics and muscle activation, highlighting the significance of visual focus strategies in improving both competitive and recreational SUP performance.
- ItemExercise-Associated Hyponatremia in Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Performance-Aspects of Sex, Race Location, Ambient Temperature, Sports Discipline, and Length of Performance: A Narrative Review.(MDPI, 2019-08-26) Knechtle, Beat; Chlíbková, Daniela; Papadopoulou, Sousana; Mantzorou, Maria; Rosemann, Thomas; Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is defined as a plasma sodium concentration of <135 mmol/L during or after endurance and ultra-endurance performance and was first described by Timothy Noakes when observed in ultra-marathoners competing in the Comrades Marathon in South Africa in the mid-1980s. It is well-established that a decrease in plasma sodium concentration <135 mmol/L occurs with excessive fluid intake. Clinically, a mild hyponatremia will lead to no or very unspecific symptoms. A pronounced hyponatremia (<120 mmol/L) will lead to central nervous symptoms due to cerebral edema, and respiratory failure can lead to death when plasma sodium concentration reaches values of <110-115 mmol/L. The objective of this narrative review is to present new findings about the aspects of sex, race location, sports discipline, and length of performance. The prevalence of EAH depends on the duration of an endurance performance (i.e., low in marathon running, high to very high in ultra-marathon running), the sports discipline (i.e., rather rare in cycling, more frequent in running and triathlon, and very frequent in swimming), sex (i.e., increased in women with several reported deaths), the ambient temperature (i.e., very high in hot temperatures) and the country where competition takes place (i.e., very common in the USA, very little in Europe, practically never in Africa, Asia, and Oceania). A possible explanation for the increased prevalence of EAH in women could be the so-called Varon-Ayus syndrome with severe hyponatremia, lung and cerebral edema, which was first observed in marathon runners. Regarding the race location, races in Europe seemed to be held under rather moderate conditions whereas races held in the USA were often performed under thermally stressing conditions (i.e., greater heat or greater cold).
- ItemChanges in foot volume, body composition, and hydration status in male and female 24-hour ultra-mountain bikers(BioMed Central, 2014-03-24) Chlíbková, DanielaThe effects of running and cycling on changes in hydration status and body composition during a 24-hour race have been described previously, but data for 24-hour ultra-mountain bikers are missing. The present study investigated changes in foot volume, body composition, and hydration status in male and female 24-hour ultra-mountain bikers.