The Effect of a 100-km Ultra-Marathon under Freezing Conditions on Selected Immunological and Hematological Parameters

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dc.contributor.authorŽákovská, Alenacs
dc.contributor.authorKnechtle, Beatcs
dc.contributor.authorChlíbková, Danielacs
dc.contributor.authorMiličková, Mariecs
dc.contributor.authorRosemann, Thomascs
dc.contributor.authorNikolaidis, Pantelis T.cs
dc.coverage.issue8cs
dc.coverage.volume12cs
dc.date.issued2017-09-12cs
dc.description.abstractAlthough moderate exercise is beneficial for the human body and its immune system, exhaustive ultra-endurance performance in cold conditions might be harmful. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a 100-km ultra-marathon under cold conditions (temperatures from -1 degrees C to + 1 degrees C) on selected immunological, biochemical and hematological parameters. Participants were 15 runners (12 men and three women, age 40.3 +/- 9.7 years, body mass 67.3 +/- 9.0 kg and body height 1.74 +/- 0.10 m, mean +/- standard deviation). Leukocytes increased (p < 0.01) and, particularly, the number of leucocytes doubled in seven out of 15 athletes. Immature neutrophils, mature neutrophils and monocytes increased (p < 0.02), whereas lymphocytes and eosinophils did not change. IgG increased (p < 0.02), but IgA and IgM remained unchanged. Platelets increased (p < 0.01), whereas red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin did not change. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) increased (p < 0.01), but alanine aminotransferase (ALT) did not change. There was an association between the markers of the acute inflammation of the organism (i.e., neutrophils, immature neutrophils, platelets, and monocytes) and the markers of muscle damage (i.e., CK, platelets, and LDH). There were no relationships among all the markers in relation to upper respiratory tract infections and liver damage. The highest change was noted in the increase of the number of immature neutrophils (1,019.2%) and CK levels (1,077.6%). In summary, this is the first study investigating immunological, hematological and biochemical parameters and showing that running a 100-km ultra-marathon under cold conditions leads to changes in several immunological, biochemical and hematological parameters indicating a severe stress on the body associated with increasing susceptibility to the development of infections.en
dc.description.abstractAčkoli mírné cvičení je přínosné pro lidské tělo a jeho imunitní systém, vyčerpávající ultra-vytrvalostní výkon v chladných podmínkách může být škodlivý. Cílem této studie bylo zkoumat vliv 100 km ultramaratonu za chladných povětrnostních podmínek (teploty od mínus 1 ° C do + 1 ° C) na vybrané imunologické, biochemické a hematologické parametry. Účastnilo se 15 běžců (12 mužů a 3 ženy, věk 40,3 ± 9,7 let, tělesná hmotnost 67,3 ± 9,0 kg a výška těla 1,74 ± 0,10 m). Leukocyty statisticky vzrostly a zejména počet leukocytů se zdvojnásobil u sedmi z 15 sportovců. Nezralé neutrofily, zralé neutrofily a monocyty statisticky vzrostly, zatímco lymfocyty a eozinofily se nezměnily. IgG statisticky se zvýšil, ale IgA a IgM zůstaly nezměněny.cs
dc.formattextcs
dc.format.extent630-638cs
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfcs
dc.identifier.citationFrontiers in Physiology. 2017, vol. 12, issue 8, p. 630-638.en
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fphys.2017.00638cs
dc.identifier.issn1664-042Xcs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9592-7332cs
dc.identifier.other140582cs
dc.identifier.researcheridAAI-6467-2020cs
dc.identifier.scopus55129225600cs
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11012/70136
dc.language.isoencs
dc.publisherFRONTIERS MEDIA SAcs
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Physiologycs
dc.relation.urihttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2017.00638/fullcs
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalcs
dc.rights.accessopenAccesscs
dc.rights.sherpahttp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/1664-042X/cs
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/cs
dc.subjectultra-runnersen
dc.subject100-km raceen
dc.subjecthematocriten
dc.subjectleukocriten
dc.subjectimmunityen
dc.subjectultraběžci
dc.subject100km závod
dc.subjecthematokrit
dc.subjectleukokrit
dc.subjectimunita
dc.titleThe Effect of a 100-km Ultra-Marathon under Freezing Conditions on Selected Immunological and Hematological Parametersen
dc.title.alternativeVliv 100km ultramaratonu během chladných povětrnostních podmínek na vybrané imunologické a hematologické parametrycs
dc.type.driverarticleen
dc.type.statusPeer-revieweden
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen
sync.item.dbidVAV-140582en
sync.item.dbtypeVAVen
sync.item.insts2025.02.03 15:37:30en
sync.item.modts2025.01.17 15:15:18en
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Centrum sportovních aktivit. Centrum sportovních aktivitcs
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. . Přírodovědecká fakultacs
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