Covert Communication System Based on Walsh Modulation and Noise Carriers

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dc.contributor.authorXu, Z.-J.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, S.
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Z.-W.
dc.contributor.authorLin, J.-L.
dc.contributor.authorHuang, X.-S.
dc.contributor.authorHua, J.-Y.
dc.coverage.issue4cs
dc.coverage.volume33cs
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-04T12:26:48Z
dc.date.available2025-04-04T12:26:48Z
dc.date.issued2024-12cs
dc.description.abstractThis study proposes a covert communication system, in which a non-zero-mean normally distributed random process is used as a carrier, and its mean is modulated by a Walsh code carrying M covert bits. The number of combinations is so huge that it is difficult for malicious parties to decode the covert information, even if they are aware of the existence of the transmitting signal. The received signal is multiplied at the receiving end with each Walsh code, and the mean value is computed. The Walsh code corresponding to the largest mean value is the transmitter's modulation code, thus recovering the transmitted covert bits. The system's theoretical symbol error rate and bit error rate are derived under additive white Gaussian noise and quasi-static fading channels, respectively. Simulation results are very consistent with the theoretical derivation. Compared with other existing schemes, the proposed scheme has good security, flexibility, and BER performance, and is very suitable for IoT devices with limited resources and low transmission rate but high concealability requirements.en
dc.formattextcs
dc.format.extent552-562cs
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationRadioengineering. 2024 vol. 33, iss. 4, s. 552-562. ISSN 1210-2512cs
dc.identifier.doi10.13164/re.2024.0552en
dc.identifier.issn1210-2512
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11012/250829
dc.language.isoencs
dc.publisherRadioengineering societycs
dc.relation.ispartofRadioengineeringcs
dc.relation.urihttps://www.radioeng.cz/fulltexts/2024/24_04_0552_0562.pdfcs
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licenseen
dc.rights.accessopenAccessen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectNormal distributionen
dc.subjectWalsh codeen
dc.subjectbit error rateen
dc.subjectcovert communicationen
dc.subjectIoTen
dc.titleCovert Communication System Based on Walsh Modulation and Noise Carriersen
dc.type.driverarticleen
dc.type.statusPeer-revieweden
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen
eprints.affiliatedInstitution.facultyFakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologiícs
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