Defortifikace Brna a vznik okružní třídy
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Date
2024-10-04
Authors
Guzdek, Adam
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0000-0003-1503-1566Advisor
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Mark
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební
Abstract
Brněnská okružní třída bývá připodobňována k vídeňské Ringstrasse. Přestože obě vznikaly v polovině 19. století a obě jsou spojeny se jménem Ludwiga Förstera, je nutné brát brněnský okruh za zcela svébytný urbanistický počin, jehož počátky sahají na konec 18. století. Výsadbou promenádních alejí v tomto období začal být kultivován pás dříve nezastavitelného území zvaného „glacis“ kolem východní strany města. Západní strana města zůstávala v pevném sevření s barokní citadelou pevnosti Špilberk. Ta byla narušena až destruktivním působením Napoleonských vojsk. Zničené bastiony byly upraveny do podoby veřejných zahrad. Město, na rozdíl od rychle se rozvíjejícího průmyslového předměstí, stále zůstávalo v sevření středověkého opevnění a barokních terénních valů. To se změnilo v roce 1852, kdy císař František Josef I. rozhodl o zrušení městské pevnosti. Již o sedm let dříve, v roce 1845, vznikl první plán s dvěma navzájem kolmými osami, které mají být ukončené významnými pohledovými body. Na základě tohoto plánu vznikl v 50. letech 19. století Městský dvůr s nájemními byty, který stanovil směr nejdelšího bulváru, dnešní ulice Husova. Soutěžní návrhy na podobu brněnské okružní třídy směřovaly k definitivní podobě regulačního plánu, na jehož základě byly v letech 1863–85 v místě stoletých alejí vystavěny zalomené bulváry. Ačkoli by se mohlo zdát, že brněnský „ring“ byl stavebně ukončen již v 19. století, bylo i 20. století významným producentem architektonické proměny. Příběh okružní třídy se začal rozvíjet s Napoleonem a ani po 200 letech není její vývoj zcela ukončen.
Brno's ring boulevard is often compared to Vienna's Ringstrasse. However, it is important to note that while both were created in the mid-19th century and associated with Ludwig Förster, the Brno ring boulevard is a distinct urban development with origins dating back to the late 18th century. During this period, promenade avenues were planted to cultivate a strip of previously undevelopable land known as the 'glacis' on the eastern side of the city. The western side of the city was tightly controlled by the Baroque citadel of Špilberk Fortress, which was only disrupted by the destructive actions of Napoleonic troops. The destroyed bastions were subsequently converted into public gardens. In contrast to the rapidly developing industrial suburbs, the town was still surrounded by medieval fortifications and Baroque earthworks. However, in 1852, Emperor Franz Joseph I decided to abolish the town fortress. A plan had already been drawn up seven years earlier, in 1845, which included two mutually perpendicular axes that would lead to important viewpoints. In the 1850s, a town court with tenement flats was created based on this plan, which established the direction of the longest boulevard, now known as Husova Street. The final form of the regulatory plan, which led to the construction of the bent boulevards in 1863-85, replacing the centuriesold avenues, was determined after considering various proposals for the shape of Brno's ring boulevard. Although Brno's 'ring' may appear to have been completed in the 19th century, it was the 20th century that saw significant architectural changes. The form of today's ring boulevard has been influenced not only by the architectural work of purist functionalism but also by the international style of post-war and contemporary architecture. The story of the ring boulevard began with Napoleon and, even after 200 years, its development is not yet complete.
Brno's ring boulevard is often compared to Vienna's Ringstrasse. However, it is important to note that while both were created in the mid-19th century and associated with Ludwig Förster, the Brno ring boulevard is a distinct urban development with origins dating back to the late 18th century. During this period, promenade avenues were planted to cultivate a strip of previously undevelopable land known as the 'glacis' on the eastern side of the city. The western side of the city was tightly controlled by the Baroque citadel of Špilberk Fortress, which was only disrupted by the destructive actions of Napoleonic troops. The destroyed bastions were subsequently converted into public gardens. In contrast to the rapidly developing industrial suburbs, the town was still surrounded by medieval fortifications and Baroque earthworks. However, in 1852, Emperor Franz Joseph I decided to abolish the town fortress. A plan had already been drawn up seven years earlier, in 1845, which included two mutually perpendicular axes that would lead to important viewpoints. In the 1850s, a town court with tenement flats was created based on this plan, which established the direction of the longest boulevard, now known as Husova Street. The final form of the regulatory plan, which led to the construction of the bent boulevards in 1863-85, replacing the centuriesold avenues, was determined after considering various proposals for the shape of Brno's ring boulevard. Although Brno's 'ring' may appear to have been completed in the 19th century, it was the 20th century that saw significant architectural changes. The form of today's ring boulevard has been influenced not only by the architectural work of purist functionalism but also by the international style of post-war and contemporary architecture. The story of the ring boulevard began with Napoleon and, even after 200 years, its development is not yet complete.
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Prostor pro život: cesty. Sborník mezinárodní konference Krajina Sídla Památky 2024, s. 142-155. ISBN 978-80-214-6263-2.
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