Heat Effects during the Operation of Lead-Acid Batteries

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dc.contributor.authorBača, Petrcs
dc.contributor.authorVanýsek, Petrcs
dc.contributor.authorLanger, Martincs
dc.contributor.authorZimáková, Janacs
dc.contributor.authorChladil, Ladislavcs
dc.coverage.issue5cs
dc.coverage.volume10cs
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-03T14:40:22Z
dc.date.available2025-02-03T14:40:22Z
dc.date.issued2024-04-27cs
dc.description.abstractThermal events in lead-acid batteries during their operation play an important role; they affect not only the reaction rate of ongoing electrochemical reactions, but also the rate of discharge and self-discharge, length of service life and, in critical cases, can even cause a fatal failure of the battery, known as “thermal runaway.” This contribution discusses the parameters affecting the thermal state of the lead-acid battery. It was found by calculations and measurements that there is a cooling component in the lead-acid battery system which is caused by the endothermic discharge reactions and electrolysis of water during charging, related to entropy change contribution. Thus, under certain circumstances, it is possible to lower the temperature of the lead-acid battery during its discharging. The Joule heat generated on the internal resistance of the cell due to current flow, the exothermic charging reaction, and above all, the gradual increase in polarization as the cell voltage increases during charging all contribute to the heating of the cell, overtaking the cooling effect. Of these three sources of thermal energy, Joule heating in polarization resistance contributes the most to the temperature rise in the lead-acid battery. Thus, the maximum voltage reached determines the slope of the temperature rise in the lead-acid battery cell, and by a suitably chosen limiting voltage, it is possible to limit the danger of the “thermal runaway” effect. The overall thermal conditions of the experimental cell are significantly affected by the ambient temperature of the external environment and the rate of heat transfer through the walls of the calorimeter. A series of experiments with direct temperature measurement of individual locations within a lead-acid battery uses a calorimeter made of expanded polystyrene to minimize external influences. A hitherto unpublished phenomenon is discussed whereby the temperature of the positive electrode was lower than that of the negative electrode throughout the discharge, while during charging, the order was reversed and the temperature of the positive electrode was higher than that of the negative electrode throughout the charge. The authors relate this phenomenon to the higher reaction entropy change of the active mass of the positive electrode than that of the negative electrode.en
dc.formattextcs
dc.format.extent1-18cs
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfcs
dc.identifier.citationBatteries-Basel. 2024, vol. 10, issue 5, p. 1-18.en
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/batteries10050148cs
dc.identifier.issn2313-0105cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9793-9767cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5458-393Xcs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2653-5471cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3332-4306cs
dc.identifier.other188676cs
dc.identifier.researcheridH-7547-2018cs
dc.identifier.researcheridA-1949-2016cs
dc.identifier.researcheridA-2636-2016cs
dc.identifier.scopus7004123643cs
dc.identifier.scopus7004078600cs
dc.identifier.scopus55775728400cs
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11012/249907
dc.language.isoencs
dc.publisherMDPIcs
dc.relation.ispartofBatteries-Baselcs
dc.relation.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/5/148cs
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalcs
dc.rights.accessopenAccesscs
dc.rights.sherpahttp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/2313-0105/cs
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/cs
dc.subjectlead-acid accumulatoren
dc.subjectheat effecten
dc.subjectthermal behavioren
dc.subjectendothermic reactionsen
dc.subjectexothermic reactionsen
dc.subjectJoule heaten
dc.subjectcooling effecten
dc.titleHeat Effects during the Operation of Lead-Acid Batteriesen
dc.type.driverarticleen
dc.type.statusPeer-revieweden
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen
sync.item.dbidVAV-188676en
sync.item.dbtypeVAVen
sync.item.insts2025.02.03 15:40:22en
sync.item.modts2025.01.17 18:46:08en
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií. Ústav elektrotechnologiecs
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