An Overview on Blockchain for Smartphones: State-of-the-Art, Consensus, Implementation, Challenges and Future Trends

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dc.contributor.authorMašek, Pavelcs
dc.coverage.issue1cs
dc.coverage.volume8cs
dc.date.issued2020-06-01cs
dc.description.abstractThe blockchain technology is currently penetrating different areas of the modern Information and Communications Technology community. Most of the devices involved in blockchain-related processes are specially designed targeting only the mining aspect, i.e., solving the computational puzzle task. At the same time, the use of wearable and mobile devices may also become a part of eCommerce blockchain operation, especially during the on-charge time. The paper considers the possibility of using a large number of constrained devices to support the operation of the blockchain with a low impact on battery consumption. The utilization of such devices is expected to improve the system efficiency as well as to attract a more substantial number of users. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge with a survey of the main applications of blockchain for smartphones along with existing mobile blockchain projects. It also proposes a novel consensus protocol based on a combination of Proof-of-Work (PoW), Proof-of-Activity (PoA), and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) algorithms for efficient and on-the-fly utilization on resource-constrained devices. The system was deployed in a worldwide testnet with more than two thousand smartphones and compared with other projects from the user-experienced metrics perspective. The results prove that the utilization of PoA systems on a smartphone does not significantly affect the lifetime of the smartphone battery while existing methods based on PoW have a tremendous negative impact. Finally, the main open challenges and future investigation directions are outlined.en
dc.formattextcs
dc.format.extent103994-104015cs
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfcs
dc.identifier.citationIEEE Access. 2020, vol. 8, issue 1, p. 103994-104015.en
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2998951cs
dc.identifier.issn2169-3536cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2976-6547cs
dc.identifier.other164178cs
dc.identifier.researcheridT-6266-2017cs
dc.identifier.scopus56529395900cs
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11012/193237
dc.language.isoencs
dc.publisherIEEEcs
dc.relation.ispartofIEEE Accesscs
dc.relation.urihttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9104713cs
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalcs
dc.rights.accessopenAccesscs
dc.rights.sherpahttp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/2169-3536/cs
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/cs
dc.subjectBlockchainen
dc.subjectSmartphonesen
dc.subjectProof-of-worken
dc.subjectProof-of-Stakeen
dc.subjectProof-of-Activityen
dc.subjectBlockchain
dc.subjectChytré telefony
dc.subjectDůkaz prací
dc.subjectDůkaz shodujících se algoritmů
dc.subjectDůkaz aktivitou
dc.titleAn Overview on Blockchain for Smartphones: State-of-the-Art, Consensus, Implementation, Challenges and Future Trendsen
dc.type.driverarticleen
dc.type.statusPeer-revieweden
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen
sync.item.dbidVAV-164178en
sync.item.dbtypeVAVen
sync.item.insts2025.02.03 15:42:05en
sync.item.modts2025.01.17 16:47:36en
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií. Ústav telekomunikacícs
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