Optimization and validation of multiresidual extraction methods for pharmaceuticals in Soil, Lettuce, and Earthworms

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dc.contributor.authorMravcová, Ludmilacs
dc.contributor.authorAmrichová, Annacs
dc.contributor.authorNavrkalová, Jitkacs
dc.contributor.authorHamplová, Mariecs
dc.contributor.authorSedlář, Mariancs
dc.contributor.authorZlámalová Gargošová, Helenacs
dc.contributor.authorFučík, Jancs
dc.coverage.issue24cs
dc.coverage.volume31cs
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-16T15:57:25Z
dc.date.available2025-06-16T15:57:25Z
dc.date.issued2024-04-27cs
dc.description.abstractThe presence of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals (PhACs) in the environment poses potential risks. To comprehensively assess these risks, robust multiresidual analytical methods are essential for determining a broad spectrum of PhAC classes in various environmental compartments (soil, plants, and soil organisms). This study optimized extraction methods for analyzing over 40 PhACs from various matrices, including soil, lettuce, and earthworms. A four-step ultrasonic extraction method with varying extraction conditions and subsequent solid phase extraction was developed for soil samples. QuEChERS methods were optimized for extracting PhACs from lettuce and earthworm samples, addressing a literature gap in these less-studied matrices. The quantification of PhACs in soil, lettuce, and earthworm extracts was performed using a single LC-MS/MS method. Following thorough method validation, earthworms and lettuce were exposed to a mixture of 27 pharmaceuticals in a soil environment. The method validation results demonstrated the robustness of these methods for a broad spectrum of PhACs. Specifically, 29 out of 42 PhACs were extracted with an average efficiency >50% and RSD <30% from the soil; 40 out of 42 PhACs exhibited average efficiency >50% and %RSD <30% from the earthworms, while 39 out of 42 PhACs showed average efficiency >50% and RSD <30% from the lettuce. Exposure experiments confirmed the viability of these methods for quantifying a diverse range of PhACs in different environmental compartments. This study presents three thoroughly validated methods for determining more than 40 PhACs in diverse matrices, enabling a comprehensive assessment of PhAC dissemination in the environment.en
dc.formattextcs
dc.format.extent33120-33140cs
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfcs
dc.identifier.citationENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH. 2024, vol. 31, issue 24, p. 33120-33140.en
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11356-024-33492-7cs
dc.identifier.issn0944-1344cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1011-6616cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4536-3983cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8309-8012cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3408-4383cs
dc.identifier.other188496cs
dc.identifier.researcheridG-9690-2018cs
dc.identifier.scopus25621742800cs
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11012/252558
dc.language.isoencs
dc.publisherSpringer-Verlagcs
dc.relation.ispartofENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCHcs
dc.relation.urihttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-024-33492-7cs
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalcs
dc.rights.accessopenAccesscs
dc.rights.sherpahttp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/0944-1344/cs
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/cs
dc.subjectPharmaceutical pollutionen
dc.subjectMultiresidual analytical methodsen
dc.subjectSolid-phase extractionen
dc.subjectQuEChERSen
dc.subjectliquid chromatographyen
dc.subjectmass spectrometryen
dc.titleOptimization and validation of multiresidual extraction methods for pharmaceuticals in Soil, Lettuce, and Earthwormsen
dc.type.driverarticleen
dc.type.statusPeer-revieweden
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen
sync.item.dbidVAV-188496en
sync.item.dbtypeVAVen
sync.item.insts2025.06.16 17:57:25en
sync.item.modts2025.06.16 17:32:48en
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická. Ústav chemie a technologie ochrany životního prostředícs
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Středoevropský technologický institut VUT. Středoevropský technologický institut VUTcs
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Středoevropský technologický institut VUT. Pokročilé biomateriálycs
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