Blind Audio Watermarking in Transform Domain Based on Singular Value Decomposition and Exponential-Log Operations

Abstract

Digital watermarking has drawn extensive attention for copyright protection of multimedia data. This paper introduces a blind audio watermarking scheme in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain based on singular value decomposition (SVD), exponential operation (EO), and logarithm operation (LO). In our proposed scheme, initially the original audio is segmented into non-overlapping frames and DCT is applied to each frame. Low frequency DCT coefficients are divided into sub-bands and power of each sub band is calculated. EO is performed on the sub-band with highest power of the DCT coefficients of each frame. SVD is applied to the exponential coefficients of each sub bands with highest power represented in matrix form. Watermark information is embedded into the largest singular value by using a quantization function. Simulation results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme is highly robust against different attacks. In addition, it has high data payload and shows low error probability rates. Moreover, it provides good performance in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, and data payload compared with some recent state-of-the-art watermarking methods.