An Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Surface Roughness on Supersonic Flow in a Nozzle Under Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Conditions

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dc.contributor.authorŠabacká, Pavlacs
dc.contributor.authorMaxa, Jiřícs
dc.contributor.authorBayer, Robertcs
dc.contributor.authorBinar, Tomášcs
dc.contributor.authorBača, Petrcs
dc.contributor.authorŠvecová, Janacs
dc.contributor.authorTalár, Jaroslavcs
dc.contributor.authorVlkovský, Martincs
dc.coverage.issue4cs
dc.coverage.volume13cs
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-27T08:56:03Z
dc.date.available2025-05-27T08:56:03Z
dc.date.issued2025-04-16cs
dc.description.abstractThe ongoing research in Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) is contrib-uted to in this paper. Specifically, this study investigates supersonic flow in a nozzle ap-erture under low-pressure conditions at the continuum mechanics boundary. This phe-nomenon is prevalent in the differentially pumped chamber of an ESEM, which separates two regions with a significant pressure gradient using an aperture with a pressure ratio of approximately 10:1 in the range of 10,000 to 100 Pa. The influence of nozzle wall rough-ness on the boundary layer characteristics and its subsequent impact on the oblique shock wave behavior, and consequently, on the static pressure distribution along the flow axis, is solved in this paper. It demonstrates the significant effect of varying inertial-to-viscous force ratios at low pressures on the resulting impact of roughness on the oblique shock wave characteristics. The resulting oblique shock wave distribution significantly affects the static pressure profile along the axis, which can substantially influence the scattering and loss of the primary electron beam traversing the differential pumping stage. This, in turn, affects the sharpness of the resulting image. The boundary layer within the nozzle plays a crucial role in determining the overall flow characteristics and indirectly affects beam scattering. This study examines the influence of surface roughness and quality of the manufactured nozzle on the resulting flow behavior. The initial results obtained from ex-perimental measurements using pressure sensors, when compared to CFD simulation re-sults, demonstrate the necessity of accurately setting roughness values in CFD calcula-tions to ensure accurate results. The CFD simulation has been validated against experi-mental data, enabling further simulations. The research combines physical theory, CFD simulations, advanced experimental sensing techniques, and precision manufacturing technologies for the critical components of the experimental setup.en
dc.formattextcs
dc.format.extent1-33cs
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfcs
dc.identifier.citationTechnologies - MDPI. 2025, vol. 13, issue 4, p. 1-33.en
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/technologies13040160cs
dc.identifier.issn2227-7080cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3908-5120cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0640-0406cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8528-4430cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4426-2857cs
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9793-9767cs
dc.identifier.other197649cs
dc.identifier.researcheridITT-5299-2023cs
dc.identifier.researcheridH-7547-2018cs
dc.identifier.scopus57095076700cs
dc.identifier.scopus43661524200cs
dc.identifier.scopus57194409742cs
dc.identifier.scopus54079251600cs
dc.identifier.scopus7004123643cs
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11012/251050
dc.language.isoencs
dc.publisherMDPIcs
dc.relation.ispartofTechnologies - MDPIcs
dc.relation.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/4/160cs
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalcs
dc.rights.accessopenAccesscs
dc.rights.sherpahttp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/2227-7080/cs
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/cs
dc.subjectAnsys Fluenten
dc.subjectboundary layeren
dc.subjectCFDen
dc.subjectESEMen
dc.subjectmeasurementen
dc.subjectnozzleen
dc.subjectroughnessen
dc.subjectshock waveen
dc.titleAn Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Surface Roughness on Supersonic Flow in a Nozzle Under Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Conditionsen
dc.type.driverarticleen
dc.type.statusPeer-revieweden
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen
sync.item.dbidVAV-197649en
sync.item.dbtypeVAVen
sync.item.insts2025.05.27 10:56:03en
sync.item.modts2025.05.27 10:33:27en
thesis.grantorVysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií. Ústav elektrotechnologiecs
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