Horské silnice v Česku ve 30. letech 20. století
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Date
2024-10-04
Authors
Riezner, Jiří
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Referee
Mark
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební
Abstract
Již v počátcích automobilismu vznikl nový typ turistiky – autoturistika. V souvislosti s přizpůsobováním silniční sítě motorizované dopravě se začaly i v českých zemích prosazovat dva nové druhy komunikací – dálnice a horské silnice. V USA již od počátku 20. století vznikaly v horách a národních parcích scénické parkways (např. Blue Ridge Parkway) a v alpských zemích alpské vyhlídkové silnice (např. Großglockner Hochalpenstraße dokončená roku 1935). Tyto komunikace sloužily motorizovaným turistům, kteří mohli během jízdy pozorovat atraktivní a proměnlivá panoramata horské krajiny. Tato inovace se s určitým zpožděním dostala do českých zemí, kde bylo zamýšleno, projektováno a realizováno několik horských silnic. Jejich budování dosáhlo vrcholu v polovině 30. let 20. století, poté byl slibný vývoj přerušen politickými událostmi let 1938–1939. Příspěvek je zaměřen na tři postavené horské silnice. V západních Krkonoších vznikla v letech 1931–1936 Masarykova horská silnice, která se stala nejvýše položenou silnicí v tehdejším Československu. Ve skalnaté a lesnaté krajině Kokořínska byla ve stejném roce otevřena silnice dr. Edvarda Beneše s architektonickými prvky v historizujícím stylu. V Beskydech byla v letech 1932–1937 postavena první horská silnice na Moravě - silnice zemského presidenta Jana Černého. Pro každou silnici jsou představeny důvody vzniku, projektování a výstavba, slavnostní otevření pro veřejnost, trasování, technické parametry a význam komunikace, zejména pro autoturistiku.
Already in the early days of motoring, a new type of tourism emerged - car tourism. In connection with the adaptation of the road network to motorized transport, two new types of roads - highways and mountain roads - began to be promoted in the Bohemian lands as well. In the USA, scenic parkways (e.g. the Blue Ridge Parkway) were built in the mountains and national parks from the beginning of the 20th century, and in the Alpine countries Alpine scenic roads (e.g. the Großglockner Hochalpenstraße, completed in 1935). These roads served motorised tourists, who could observe the attractive and changing panoramas of the mountain landscape while driving. This innovation reached the Bohemian lands with some delay, where several mountain roads were planned, designed and built. Their construction reached a peak in the mid-1930s, after which the promising development was interrupted by the political events of 1938–39. This paper focuses on three built mountain roads. The Masaryk Mountain Road was built in the western Giant Mountains between 1931 and 1936 and became the highest road in the then Czechoslovakia. In the rocky and forested landscape of the Kokořínsko region, the Dr. Edvard Beneš road with architectural elements in historicist style was opened in the same year. The first mountain road in Moravia was built in the Beskydy Mountains in the years 1932–1937 – the Road of the provincial president Jan Černý. For each road, the reasons for its creation, design and construction, opening ceremony for the public, routing, technical parameters and the importance of the road, especially for car tourism, are presented.
Already in the early days of motoring, a new type of tourism emerged - car tourism. In connection with the adaptation of the road network to motorized transport, two new types of roads - highways and mountain roads - began to be promoted in the Bohemian lands as well. In the USA, scenic parkways (e.g. the Blue Ridge Parkway) were built in the mountains and national parks from the beginning of the 20th century, and in the Alpine countries Alpine scenic roads (e.g. the Großglockner Hochalpenstraße, completed in 1935). These roads served motorised tourists, who could observe the attractive and changing panoramas of the mountain landscape while driving. This innovation reached the Bohemian lands with some delay, where several mountain roads were planned, designed and built. Their construction reached a peak in the mid-1930s, after which the promising development was interrupted by the political events of 1938–39. This paper focuses on three built mountain roads. The Masaryk Mountain Road was built in the western Giant Mountains between 1931 and 1936 and became the highest road in the then Czechoslovakia. In the rocky and forested landscape of the Kokořínsko region, the Dr. Edvard Beneš road with architectural elements in historicist style was opened in the same year. The first mountain road in Moravia was built in the Beskydy Mountains in the years 1932–1937 – the Road of the provincial president Jan Černý. For each road, the reasons for its creation, design and construction, opening ceremony for the public, routing, technical parameters and the importance of the road, especially for car tourism, are presented.
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Prostor pro život: cesty. Sborník mezinárodní konference Krajina Sídla Památky 2024, s. 76-83. ISBN 978-80-214-6263-2.
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Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
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