Ústav stavební ekonomiky a řízení

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    Early Fast Cost Estimates of Sewerage Projects Construction Costs Based on Ensembles of Neural Networks
    (MDPI, 2023-11-28) Juszczyk, Michał; Hanák, Tomáš; Výskala, Miloslav; Pacyno, Hanna; Siejda, Michal
    his paper presents research results on the development of an original cost prediction model for construction costs in sewerage projects. The focus is placed on fast cost estimates applicable in the early stages of a project, based on fundamental information available during the initial design phase of sanitary sewers prior to the detailed design. The originality and novelty of this research lie in the application of artificial neural network ensembles, which include a combination of several individual neural networks and the use of simple averaging and generalized averaging approaches. The research resulted in the development of two ensemble-based models, including five neural networks that were trained and tested using data collected from 125 sewerage projects completed in the Czech Republic between 2018 and 2022. The data included information relevant to various aspects of projects and contract costs, updated to account for changes in costs over time. The developed models present satisfactory predictive performance, especially the ensemble model based on simple averaging, which offers prediction accuracy within the range of ±30% (in terms of percentage errors) for over 90% of the training and testing samples. The developed models, based on the ensembles of neural networks, outperformed the benchmark model based on the classical approach and the use of multiple linear regression.
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    Benefits of Increased Railway Safety and Reliability and their Evaluation
    (University North, 2023-07-15) Hromádka, Vít; Korytárová, Jana; Vítková, Eva; Seelmann, Herbert; Funk, Tomáš
    The paper focuses on the presentation of key results of the project of applied research oriented on evaluation of the increased safety and reliability of the railway network due to the implementation of relevant railway network projects and their projection into the investment project socio-economic evaluation using Cost-Benefit Analysis. The subject research described in the article is the design and verification of the functionality of the methodological procedure for the evaluation of these benefits for their further use in the assessment of public projects on railways. The methodological part summarizes the basic outputs of the previous research. These outputs were subsequently applied at the formulation of basic rules for the assessment of benefits connected with increased railway reliability and safety, which were later processed into the form of simplified methodological procedure. The simplified approach uses average data on the occurrence impact for the entire railway network, broken down into line and station sections. The functionality of individual approaches was checked on case studies of actually implemented projects.
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    Optimizing Energy-Saving Measures in New Residential Buildings Regarding Life-Cycle Costs
    (MDPI, 2023-07-26) Hromádka, Vít; Korytárová, Jana; Federla, Jakub; Veselý, Alexej; Skalický, Martin
    This contribution is focused on the issue of the application of energy-saving measures in the construction of new residential properties and their optimal combinations with regard to the life-cycle costs of these buildings. The aim of the research is to create a methodological basis for considering the economic and financial impacts of various combinations of energy-saving measures, aiming at the optimization of these measures and the sustainability of developer projects. The research methodology is based on the principle of building life-cycle costs, which serve as a key criterion for the process of choosing the optimal combination of energy-saving measures and for comparing a conventional solution with an innovative solution including the application of energy-saving measures. The result of the research is the methodological approach for the design of technologically proven combinations of energy-saving measures, which will lead to optimization of the life-cycle costs with regard to the reference variant represented by a conventional solution. This approach is subsequently verified on three case studies of residential properties with a proposal for the optimal combination of energy-saving measures in the form of photovoltaic panels and a water-air heat pump. The added value of the paper consists of the possibility of optimizing the building construction project from the point of view of energy-saving measures already in the design phase.
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    Identification of Errors Relating to Technical Conditions of Tender Documentation for Construction Works
    (International Project Management Association, 2023-07-06) Mikulík, Michal; Hanák, Tomáš
    The construction industry is often criticised for not meeting project constraints relating to the iron triangle (costs, time and quality). Available literature gives a number of reasons why deviations from the initial plan occur. This paper deals with a specific issue: technical conditions of tender documentation for construction works. The objective is to identify errors relating to these technical conditions within the Czech construction industry. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts in the field and compared with the information included in the analysed set of publications. The results obtained include a list containing varied ranges of individual errors relating to project documentation and the list of works, supplies and services. This list could potentially be used in consequent research as a base for creating methodological recommendations that would help to reduce the negative impact of these errors on projects and thus contribute to better processing of technical conditions of tender documentation for construction works in practice.
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    Circular Economy Development both in the Czech Republic and the World
    (Elsevier, 2023-03-22) Marek, Martin; Krejza, Zdeněk
    The effort to achieve a balance between industrial development, environment, human health and economic growth in the world represents a driving engine of the latest strategies for resource usage and carbon footprint reduction, which include the application of the Circular Economy (CE) concept. The central idea of the CE concept is to increase the value of resources within a closed system to enable the use of a minimum number of natural resources while providing sustainable economic growth. The aim of this paper is to map the history and evolution of the CE concept to highlight its current application. Historical literary sources and scientific studies were used to map the CE concept evolution while policy instruments provided information mainly on current development. The overview indicates both success and failure of the CE projects over time listed by regions. Successful applications of the CE in the Czech Republic have been identified. The results provide useful information for further research seeking to define the CE concept in practical terms and consider potential opportunities that arise during its implementation.