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- ItemBorders of Physical Self in Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review of Virtual Hand Position Discrepancy Detection(2025-01-06) Antoš, David; Švec, Tomáš; Hořínková, Jana; Bartečková, EliškaIntroduction Virtual reality (VR) holds significant promise for psychiatric research, treatment, and assessment. Its unique ability to elicit immersion and presence is important for effective interventions. Immersion and presence are influenced by matching-the alignment between provided sensory information and user feedback, and self-presentation-the depiction of a user's virtual body or limbs. Discrepancies between real and virtual hands can affect the sense of presence and thus treatment efficacy. However, the precise impact of positional offsets in healthy individuals remains under-explored. This review assesses how various factors influence the detection thresholds for positional offsets in VR among healthy subjects. Methods A comprehensive database search targeted English-language studies on the detection thresholds of virtual hand positional offsets using head-mounted displays (HMDs) with specific tracking capabilities. Data on methodologies, participant demographics, and VR system specifics were extracted. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing significant variability in detection thresholds-from a few millimeters to 42 cm for linear shifts and from 2 degrees to 45 degrees for angular shifts. Sensitivity to these offsets was affected by hand movement direction and magnitude, hand representation realism, and the presence of distractions. VR system specifications, such as resolution and tracking accuracy, also played a significant role. Methodological issues included small sample sizes, inadequate demographic reporting, and inconsistent presence or avatar embodiment measures. Conclusion The results highlight the need to consider identified influencing factors to maximize user presence in VR-based therapies. Variability in VR device capabilities also emphasizes the need for detailed reporting of device properties in research. The individual variability in offset detection further illustrates VR's potential as a tool for studying body ownership and multisensory integration.
- ItemA Virtual Simulation-Pilot Agent for Training of Air Traffic Controllers(MDPI, 2023-05-22) Zuluaga-Gomez, Juan; Prasad, Amrutha; Nigmatulina, Iuliia; Motlíček, Petr; Kleinert, MatthiasIn this paper we propose a novel virtual simulation-pilot engine for speeding up air traffic controller (ATCo) training by integrating different state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools. The virtual simulation-pilot engine receives spoken communications from ATCo trainees, and it performs automatic speech recognition and understanding. Thus, it goes beyond only transcribing the communication and can also understand its meaning. The output is subsequently sent to a response generator system, which resembles the spoken read-back that pilots give to the ATCo trainees. The overall pipeline is composed of the following submodules: (i) an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that transforms audio into a sequence of words; (ii) a high-level air traffic control (ATC)-related entity parser that understands the transcribed voice communication; and (iii) a text-to-speech submodule that generates a spoken utterance that resembles a pilot based on the situation of the dialogue. Our system employs state-of-the-art AI-based tools such as Wav2Vec 2.0, Conformer, BERT and Tacotron models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work fully based on open-source ATC resources and AI tools. In addition, we develop a robust and modular system with optional submodules that can enhance the system's performance by incorporating real-time surveillance data, metadata related to exercises (such as sectors or runways), or even a deliberate read-back error to train ATCo trainees to identify them. Our ASR system can reach as low as 5.5% and 15.9% absolute word error rates (WER) on high- and low-quality ATC audio. We also demonstrate that adding surveillance data into the ASR can yield a callsign detection accuracy of more than 96%.
- ItemExperiences in building a mOSAIC of clouds(2013-05-24) Petcu, Dana; Di Martino, Beniamino; Venticinque, Salvatore; Rak, Massimiliano; Máhr, Tamás; Lopez, Gorka; Brito, Fabrice; Cossu, Roberto; Stopar, Miho; Šperka, Svatopluk; Stankovski, VladoThe diversity of Cloud computing services is challenging the application developers as various and non-standard interfaces are provided for these services. Few middleware solutions were developed until now to support the design, deployment and execution of service-independent applications as well as the management of resources from multiple Clouds. This paper focuses on one of these advanced middleware solutions, called mOSAIC. Written after the completion of its development, this paper presents an integrated overview of the mOSAIC approach and the use of its various software prototypes in a Cloud application development process. We are starting from the design concepts and arrive to various applications, as well as to the position versus similar initiatives.
- ItemIndoor and Outdoor Backpack Mapping with Calibrated Pair of Velodyne LiDARs(2019-09-29) Veľas, Martin; Španěl, Michal; Herout, AdamThis paper presents a human-carried mapping backpack based on a pair of Velodyne LiDAR scanners. Our system is a universal solution both for large scale outdoor and also smaller indoor environments. It benefits from a combination of two LiDAR scanners what makes the odometry estimation more precise. The scanners are mounted under different angles, thus larger space around the backpack is scanned. By fusion with GNSS/INS sub-system, the mapping of featureless environments and also the georeferencing of resulting point cloud is possible. By deploying SoA methods for registration and the loop closure optimization it provides sufficient precision for many applications in BIM (Building Information Modeling), inventory check, construction planning, etc. In our indoor experiments, we evaluated our proposed backpack against ZEB-1 solution, using FARO terrestrial scanner as the reference, yielding similar results in terms of precision, while our system provides higher data density, laser intensity readings, and scalability for large environments.
- ItemOrbis Pictus: Zpřístupnění netextových dat z digitálních knihoven(Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, 2024-10-25) Lehečka, Dalibor; Jebavý, Filip; Kersch, Filip; Pavčík, Filip; Jana, Hrzinová; Fremrová, Květa; Kišš, Martin; Lhoták, Martin; Dvořáková, Martina; Bežová, Michaela; Hradiš, Michal; Žabička, Petr; Jiroušek, VáclavÚčel - Projekt "Orbis Pictus - oživení knihy pro kulturní a kreativní odvětví" si klade za cíl zpřístupnit netextový obsah českých digitálních knihoven, který je ve srovnání s textovými daty obtížně dosažitelný a neprohledatelný. Tento článek přináší přehled plánovaných výstupů projektu s důrazem na klíčové výsledky dosažené v prvních dvou letech. Metody - Zpřístupnění netextových objektů v digitalizovaných dokumentech lze rozdělit na tři úlohy: detekci, popis a vyhledání. Identifikaci, lokalizaci a kategorizaci objektů zajistí nástroj AnnoPage, který umožní extrakci popisů objektů a jejich uložení ve standardizovaném formátu. V dalších fázích projektu naváže na AnnoPage nástroj PeopleGator, který identifikuje osoby na fotografiích či kresbách a umožní propojení dokumentů s vyobrazením stejné osoby a vytvoření databáze identifikovaných osob. Projekt bude zakončen softwarovým řešením integrujícím všechny vyvinuté nástroje. Výsledky - V prvních dvou letech projektu byla vytvořena metodika pro zpracování obrazových dokumentů. Ta popisuje způsob detekce netextových objektů, jejich rozdělení do 25 kategorií a zápis informací pomocí mezinárodních standardů, čímž pokládá základ pro nástroj AnnoPage. K detekci objektů je využíván detektor trénovaný na vlastní datové sadě. Detekované objekty jsou popsány pomocí vektorových reprezentací a textových popisů. Originalita/hodnota - Výstupy projektu budou integrovány do České digitální knihovny, což umožní využívání vyvinutých nástrojů širokému spektru knihoven, které platforma agreguje. Orbis Pictus je unikátní projekt v oblasti digital humanities díky rozsáhlému shromáždění netextových dat. Výsledky najdou uplatnění nejen v identifikaci objektů a metadat, ale i ve výzkumu a kulturním a kreativním průmyslu, kde mohou zpřístupněné objekty sloužit jako inspirace pro marketing, vzdělávání, gamifikaci nebo umělou inteligenci.