Ústav urbanismu

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STRUCTURAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PANEL HOUSING ESTATES IN BRNO
(2024-09-06) Juříček, Pavel
Poster presented at the WORLD MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning conference. Approximately a quarter of the Czech population lives in panel housing estates. Despite such a large residential structure, some data are difficult to trace. The article focuses mainly on panel housing estates in Brno. It aims to make the available data (Czech Statistical Office, cadastre, vector data, etc.) more transparent, even in graphical maps. The panel housing estates Kohoutovice, Lesná, Starý and Nový Lískovec, Vinohrady, and Komárov are described. The selection was based on the maximum possible variety of urban structures and constellations. The main topic of the text is the structural systems of Brno's panel housing estates (Series G, T0xB, VVÚ-ETA, B70, OP, etc.), and their impact on the form of public space is examined. Among other things, the ratio of built-up and unbuilt-up areas, the percentage of transport, greenery, and the representation of public amenities within a particular panel housing estate were investigated. It also describes the possibilities of adaptation of a specific structural system and the extent of current reconstructions in a given panel housing estate. On the scale of an apartment (layout changes), an apartment building (extensions, additions), and the whole housing estate (adaptation to increased traffic load, etc.). The most widely observed reconstruction element is the addition of higher floors, mainly in Brno-Kohoutovice. The ownership structure is also described as houses and public spaces, where the owner can be either a private owner (residents of the house, co-owners, or investors) or public ownership (the city or municipality). Among the individual settlements, it is possible to observe, for example, the highest percentage of green space, the highest average number of flats in an apartment building, or the highest percentage of urban land. A trend abroad and slowly in the Czech Republic is the comprehensive revitalization of panel housing estates in terms of buildings and public space. Data can indicate the potential development of panel housing estates and the future usability of individual construction systems.
Open Space between Residential Buildings as a Factor of Sustainable Development – Case Studies in Brno (Czech Republic) and Vienna (Austria)
(IOP Publishing, 2017-12-21) Kilnarová, Pavla; Wittmann, Maxmilian
The characteristics of open spaces between residential buildings have, as authors suppose, an impact on the sustainable development of urban areas. Spatial arrangement and accessibility of these spaces, the type and height of surrounding buildings, the quantity and character of greenery, and many more characteristics influence the quality of environment, and the quality of life of local residents. These and further characteristics of the open spaces between residential buildings influence the ecological stability of the area, its hygienic qualities, the intensity and way of using by various social groups, and also the prices of real estates. These qualities indicate the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the urban area. The proposed research methodology assessed specific indicators of sustainability within a range from 0 to 10 points. 5 points correspond to the general standard in the area, 0 points indicate degradation, and 10 points indicate the highest contribution to sustainable development. Observation methods, questionnaire survey, statistical analyses, and methods of measurement were used to determine the values of the given indicators. The paper analyses the impact of the open spaces between residential buildings on sustainability via the case studies performed in the Central European cities of Brno, Czech Republic and Vienna, Austria. Two forms of residential urban structures in the City of Brno in the Czech Republic were selected for the analysis: the closed courtyards in the urban block from the 19th century and the open spaces in the housing estates constructed under socialism in the 20th century. The question is, if the different forms of spaces between residential buildings influence the sustainability of urban area and satisfaction of inhabitants in different ways. A complementary case study in Vienna indicates that inhabitants of a housing estate in Vienna, as well as inhabitants of housing estates in Brno, highly appreciate the meaning of large green open spaces between buildings. The paper presents results of basic research. The results indicate that the sustainability of open housing estate forms is higher than the authors expected.
Should We Go Online? Decisions Made In the Midst of Pandemic
(Czech Technical University in Prague, 2022-05-04) Štěpánková, Lenka
The results of the research carried out as a set of interviews at the end of 2020. Research aimed to disclose decision making processes that occurred in several public institutions that during the pandemic organized or considered organizing online event.
Using Wi-Fi Signals from Mobile Devices to Determine Characteristics of Pedestrian Behavior in Public Spaces
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2020-11-09) Šimara, Eva; Kilnarová, Pavla; Palacký, Jiří; Vašut, Radka
This paper presents an investigation into automated data collection, applied to pedestrians in public spaces. Three case studies conducted in Brno, Czech Republic, a typical, medium-sized city in Central Europe, were used to determine the accuracy of the proposed method. Data were recorded in two ways: (i) automated data collection, using a data logger constructed on the principle of a minicomputer to measure the intensity of Wi-Fi signals from mobile devices; and (ii) in situ observation. Data from in situ observation provided a basis for the comparison and verification of corresponding values from the automated data collection. The research framework of the paper comprises the determination of exact values for optimum characterization of pedestrian behavior in a given locality, taking into consideration conventions from previously published works: (i) the number of pedestrians (N); (ii) speed (u); (iii) flow (q); and (iv) density (k). The results of this study confirm that as the density of the street network increases, the accuracy of the data collected by the digital method decreases significantly. These findings indicate that the method is more suitable for projects focused on identifying major trends or shifts in pedestrian preferences when navigating city centers than for projects that require exact counts in specific locations at a given time.
Rozvoj a plánování soudobých měst 2
(VUT v Brně, Fakulta architektury, 2018-07-02) Dokoupilová Pazderková, Kateřina; Wittmann, Maxmilian
Následující katalog prezentuje práce zpracované studenty na VUT v Brně, Fakultě architektury. Pozoruhodné příklady realizací staveb a souborů ze současnosti či nedávné historie prezentují každoročně zahraniční, převážně evropští studenti zapsaní v předmětu Development of the city and region. Tento předmět je nabízen v rámci programu Erasmus. Studenti zapsaní do předmětu mají v semestrální práci představit zajímavé realizace (popřípadě projekty) z jejich domovského města nebo země. Mají rovněž vyslovit a zdůvodnit svůj názor na úspěšnost, neúspěšnost, dopady a budoucnost celého urbanistického díla. Jedná se mnohdy o stavby, které by nám učitelům na fakultě jinak zůstaly neznámé. A příklady jsou to zpravidla poučné, a mohou být tedy v mnohém i inspirativní.

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