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    Demographic trends in urban structures: Comparison of development in the broader centres of the cities of Brno (CZ) and Vienna (AT) in the 21st century
    (EDP Sciences, 2024-05-24) Šmídová, Lucie; Wittmann, Maxmilian; Vaishar, Antonín
    Czech Republic is facing housing insecurity and cities are challenged by a shortage of housing supply. The issue of housing affordability can be demonstrated on the cities of Brno and Vienna, which are connected by a close geographical position and a similar urban development in the 19th century. After 1918 (the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), the Austrian capital Vienna has focused on a continual support of social housing. The development of housing in the Czechoslovak city of Brno was changing and influenced by the period of socialism. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the housing development in Brno and Vienna has been therefore, after a politically different period, comparable again. Vienna has a similar historical development to Brno, and in the long term, it represents an adequate comparative study due to a successful social housing policy. In this paper, we mobilize a comparative study of broader city centres. The development of housing is monitored in the parameters of demographic trends. The paper reviews comparable demographic data obtained from databases of the office for national statistics of Austria and the Czech Republic: population development and population ageing expressed as a percentage of the population aged 65+ to the population aged 0-14. The study demonstrates the importance of these two indicators of demographic changes, which can reflect the attractiveness of housing for different groups of residents. The results show that in both cities, there is a population decline in historical city cores. While in the vicinity of the historical core of Vienna, there is moderate population growth, a similarly uniform trend cannot be observed in Brno.
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    STRUCTURAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PANEL HOUSING ESTATES IN BRNO
    (2024-09-06) Juříček, Pavel
    Poster presented at the WORLD MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning conference. Approximately a quarter of the Czech population lives in panel housing estates. Despite such a large residential structure, some data are difficult to trace. The article focuses mainly on panel housing estates in Brno. It aims to make the available data (Czech Statistical Office, cadastre, vector data, etc.) more transparent, even in graphical maps. The panel housing estates Kohoutovice, Lesná, Starý and Nový Lískovec, Vinohrady, and Komárov are described. The selection was based on the maximum possible variety of urban structures and constellations. The main topic of the text is the structural systems of Brno's panel housing estates (Series G, T0xB, VVÚ-ETA, B70, OP, etc.), and their impact on the form of public space is examined. Among other things, the ratio of built-up and unbuilt-up areas, the percentage of transport, greenery, and the representation of public amenities within a particular panel housing estate were investigated. It also describes the possibilities of adaptation of a specific structural system and the extent of current reconstructions in a given panel housing estate. On the scale of an apartment (layout changes), an apartment building (extensions, additions), and the whole housing estate (adaptation to increased traffic load, etc.). The most widely observed reconstruction element is the addition of higher floors, mainly in Brno-Kohoutovice. The ownership structure is also described as houses and public spaces, where the owner can be either a private owner (residents of the house, co-owners, or investors) or public ownership (the city or municipality). Among the individual settlements, it is possible to observe, for example, the highest percentage of green space, the highest average number of flats in an apartment building, or the highest percentage of urban land. A trend abroad and slowly in the Czech Republic is the comprehensive revitalization of panel housing estates in terms of buildings and public space. Data can indicate the potential development of panel housing estates and the future usability of individual construction systems.
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    The dynamics of population distributions in cities based on daily mobile phone operations: A case study of some Moravian cities
    (ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, INST GEONICS, 2021-03-31) Kopáčik, Gabriel; Vaishar, Antonín; Šimara, Eva
    Analyses of the changes in the presence of persons in different central and residential parts of urban areas are subject to evaluation in this paper. Case studies of the cities of Brno, Ostrava and Zlin during the day and night are highlighted. Data from a provider of mobile phone services were used for the analyses. It appears that the data can be important for the comparison of different urban structures. The results demonstrate that the organisation of urban structure affects the number of visitors and thus the area attractiveness. It was confirmed that the number of mobile phone users in the city cores is higher than the number of permanent residents. The greatest differences between the day and night in the city cores were found in Brno, a concentric city with the most important central functions among the cities studied. Differences between the day and night in residential areas were not as large as expected. City neighbourhoods in Brno showed some specific rhythmicity.
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    Closed Urban Blocks versus Open Housing Estate Structures: Sustainability Surveys in Brno, Czech Republic
    (IOP Publishing, 2019-02-26) Wittmann, Maxmilian; Kopáčik, Gabriel; Boroš Leitmann, Andrea
    A prominent place in the spatial arrangement of Czech as well as other post-socialist, Central European cities belongs to 19th century closed urban blocks and the open panel housing estates which were erected during the socialism era in the second half of 20th century. The urban characteristics of these two fundamentally diverse types of residential structures have, as we suppose, a different impact on the sustainable development of the urban area. The amount and character of local greenery, the spatial arrangement and accessibility of the courtyards, the spatial forms of the surrounding buildings and many other factors can influence the ecological stability of the area, its hygienic qualities, the intensity and way of using by various social groups, and also e.g. the prices of real estates. These and many other phenomena indicate the ecological, hygienic, social and economic sustainability of the urban area. The research methodology evaluates specific measureable indicators of sustainability within a range from 0 to 10 points where 5 points correspond to the general standard in the area, 0 points indicate degradation, and 10 points indicate the highest contribution to sustainable development. The survey results are reflected in the overall sustainability index and in the residents’ satisfaction index that reflects the subjective satisfaction based on questionnaires surveys.
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    Should We Go Online? Decisions Made In the Midst of Pandemic
    (Czech Technical University in Prague, 2022-05-04) Štěpánková, Lenka
    The results of the research carried out as a set of interviews at the end of 2020. Research aimed to disclose decision making processes that occurred in several public institutions that during the pandemic organized or considered organizing online event.