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    Dam Incidents and Failures – Cases in the Czech Republic
    (Sciendo, 2023-03-31) Kotaška, Stanislav; Říha, Jaromír
    Dam incidents and failures mainly occur during extreme floods. In the Czech Republic (CR), large-scale regional floods were recorded in different regions in 1985, 1987, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2013, while local floods especially occurred in 1991, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2009, and 2010. During these events, numerous incidents and total breaches of small dams were recorded, and a few large dams were also critically endangered, although they were not completely breached. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of incidents and failures affecting small dams in the CR since 1985. The most significant incidents concerning large dams are listed as well. The statistics show that 62 small dams were completely breached and that 350 were seriously damaged over 35 years in the period 1985–2020. The annual frequency amounts to 1.85 collapsed and 10 small damaged dams per year. The most common causes of the complete breaching of dams were overtopping (85 %) and internal erosion (15 %).
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    The Application of Cluster Analysis and Scaling Analysis Methods for the Assessment of Dams in Terms of Heritage Preservation
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021-03-30) Špano, Miroslav; Osičková, Kamila; Dzuráková, Miriam; Honek, David; Klepárníková, Radka
    Heritage preservation is a broad topic that affects virtually all fields of human activity. One of them is industrial heritage which is, among others, represented by the construction of dams. The assessment of such constructions, which could be important from the point of view of heritage preservation and potentially be declared cultural monuments, should be based on the analysis and historical development of the particular society. It should reveal which constructions can be found in a selected area and how they are divided. Dams include hundreds of constructions. A professional heritage officer, who is to decide whether to process and submit a proposal for the inclusion of a dam in the list of cultural heritage, thus faces the problem of how to carry out the analysis effectively. This article describes a procedure for using both cluster analysis and scaling method to categorise a set of 119 dams to be able to identify exceptional, so-called iconic, structures. By comparing the selection of significant representatives of dams created by the application of the two methods, which proved to be appropriate in terms of the industrial heritage preservation, a majority concordance is reached.
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    Study of Dam-break Due to Overtopping of Four Small Dams in the Czech Republic
    (Mendel University in Brno, 2015-07-01) Alhasan, Zakaraya; Jandora, Jan; Říha, Jaromír
    Dam-break due to overtopping is one of the most common types of embankment dam failures. During the floods in August 2002 in the Czech Republic, several small dams collapsed due to overtopping. In this paper, an analysis of the dam break process at the Luh, Velký Bělčický, Melín, and Metelský dams breached during the 2002 flood is presented. Comprehensive identification and analysis of the dam shape, properties of dam material and failure scenarios were carried out after the flood event to assemble data for the calibration of a numerical dam break model. A simple one-dimensional mathematical model was proposed for use in dam breach simulation, and a computer code was compiled. The model was calibrated using the field data mentioned above. Comparison of the erodibility parameters gained from the model showed reasonable agreement with the results of other authors. This study was supported by the Specifi c Research Project No. FAST-J-14-2382 of the Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and by the project TA 04020670 of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic.
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    A simple model for the estimation of the number of fatalities due to floods in central Europe
    (Copernicus Publications, 2014-07-30) Brázdová, Miriam; Říha, Jaromír
    In this paper a model for the estimation of the number of potential fatalities is proposed based on data from 19 past floods in central Europe. First, the factors contributing to human losses during river floods are listed and assigned to the main risk factors: hazard – exposure – vulnerability. The order of significance of individual factors has been compiled by pairwise comparison based on experience with real flood events. A comparison with factors used in existing models for the estimation of fatalities during floods shows good agreement with the significant factors identified in this study. The most significant factors affecting the number of human losses in floods have been aggregated into three groups and subjected to correlation analysis.A close-fitting regression dependence is proposed for the estimation of loss of life and calibrated using data from selected real floods in central Europe. The application of the proposed model for the estimation of fatalities due to river floods is shown via a flood risk assessment for the locality of Krnov in the Czech Republic.
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    Assessing the Impact of Lining Polluted Streams on Groundwater Quality: A Case Study of the Eastern Nile Delta Aquifer, Egypt.
    (MDPI, 2021-06-20) ABD-Elaty, Ismail; M. Said, Abdelrahman; M. Abdelaal, Gamal; Zeleňáková, Martina; Jandora, Jan; F. Abd-Elhamid, Hany
    In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of the Bahr El Baqar drain system on groundwater quality in the Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt. MODFLOW was used to create a numerical model to simulate groundwater flow in an aquifer and MT3DS was used to simulate solute transport from the open contaminated Bahr El Baqar drain to the groundwater. Two approaches were developed in the study area. The first approach was applied to investigate the impact of increasing the abstraction rates on the contaminant transport into the aquifer, the second approach was developed to identify the effect of lining the drain using different materials on contaminant extension in the aquifer to protect groundwater quality in the east Nile Delta Aquifer.