Ústav procesního inženýrství

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    Perspective ways of heat transfer enhancement for heat exchangers in fouling conditions
    (Brno University of Technology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 2024-05-16) Chudý, Dávid; Jegla, Zdeněk
    The paper discusses the possibilities of intensifying the heat transfer of liquid working fluids in heat exchangers under fouling conditions. It presents a perspective on heat exchangers according to the geometry of the heat exchanger surface. The shell and tube heat exchanger with the helical flow and plate heat exchanger with the spiral flow are introduced in greater detail. These two heat exchangers are compared concerning fouling and thermal-hydraulic behavior in industrial cases. The paper shows clear advantages of these flow structures for improving these aspects. The article places a strong recommendation on the use of spiral plate heat exchangers wherever the working conditions allow.
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    Construction of a modular device for testing high temperature flue-gas fouling in waste-heat sources
    (Brno University of Technology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 2024-05-16) Zabloudil, Jan; Jegla, Zdeněk; Daxner, Ján; Babička Fialová, Dominika; Freisleben, Vít; Reppich, Marcus
    The article discusses the construction aspects of a developed modular device for testing the influence of high-temperature flue-gas fouling on chosen heat exchanger tube-bundle geometries and the effectiveness of various methods of online tube-bundle cleaning, which is currently being developed by the Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) at Brno University of Technology (BUT), in cooperation with the company Eveco Brno. The device will ease designing new heat exchangers, withstanding longer operation in severe fouling conditions.
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    Design of a device for measuring the rate of particulate fouling of heat transfer surfaces
    (Brno University of Technology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 2024-05-16) Daxner, Ján; Jegla, Zdeněk; Zabloudil, Jan; Babička Fialová, Dominika; Reppich, Marcus
    This paper presents the process of designing an experimental device (TESTER) developed to test and assess the comprehensive rate of particulate fouling in various heat recovery processes. The evaluation can be used not only for direct flue gas heat recovery from combustion processes (e.g., process furnaces, water- or steam-boilers, etc.) but also for flue gas waste heat recovery processes (such as cement production, zinc dioxide production, etc.). The assessment of particulate fouling requires diverse operating conditions, including gas velocity, temperature, particles volume, size, and different types of TESTER geometry, such as tube diameter and arrangement. The main output of the experimental analysis is the identification of the optimal geometry or operating conditions of a heat exchanger and recommendation for the process operator.
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    Aspects of adaptation of flange joints for modern low-carbon energetics
    (Brno University of Technology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 2024-05-16) Michálková, Anežka; Jegla, Zdeněk; Krišpín, Jan; Gross, Arnošt; Reppich, Marcus
    This study investigates the possible need for flange joint design adaptation when dealing with hydrogen. The study focuses on the comparison of flange joint design with two different leakage rates representing the need for higher tightness due to the leak-prone nature of hydrogen molecules. The model calculation following the European standard EN 1591-1 based on an industrial flange joint in a natural gas pipeline outlines the impact of changing tightness class on load ratios for bolts, gasket and flanges. While the operation remains safe in the specific case studied, the findings underscore the need for careful consideration in flange joint design when switching to natural gas hydrogen blends or pure hydrogen, ensuring both the safety and reliability of the processes in modern low-carbon energetics.
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    Hierarchical optimisation model for waste management forecasting in EU
    (SPRINGER, 2022-12-01) Smejkalová, Veronika; Šomplák, Radovan; Pluskal, Jaroslav; Rybová, Kristýna
    The level of waste management varies significantly from one EU state to another and therefore they have different starting position regarding reaching defined EU targets. The forecast of waste production and treatment is essential information for the expected future EU targets fulfilment. If waste treatment does not meet the targets under the current conditions, it is necessary to change waste management strategies. This contribution presents a universal approach for forecasting waste production and treatment using optimisation models. The approach is based on the trend analysis with the subsequent data reconciliation (quadratic programming). The presented methodology also provides recommendations to include the quality of trend estimate and significance of territory in form of weights in objective function. The developed approach also allows to put into context different methods of waste handling and production. The variability of forecast is described by prediction and confidence intervals. Within the EU forecast, the expected demographic development is taken into account. The results show that most states will not meet EU targets with current trend of waste management in time. Presented methodology is developed at a general level and it is a suitable basis for strategic planning at the national and transnational level.