Ústav elektroenergetiky

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Determinants of the Relationship between Wholesale and Retail Energy Prices in the Czech Republic
(Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 2024-11-11) Pavláková Dočekalová, Marie; Luňáček, Jiří; Radil, Lukáš; Balcerzak, Adam Przemyslaw; Meluzín, Tomáš; Łapińska, Justyna; Zinecker, Marek
Rising energy prices have become a focus of interest for politicians at the international, European, and national levels. Energy prices are the main determinant of profitability or even the existence of the industrial sector. So, it is accepted that energy policy aims to ensure a secure, sustainable, competitive, and affordable energy supply for households and businesses. However, the recent geopolitical situation has significantly affected the energy policy of the European Union, raising concerns about energy security and an energy crisis. This crisis has had social, economic, and political consequences, including energy poverty. In this context, it is essential to understand the determinants of the relationship between wholesale and retail energy prices. This paper presents a model proposal to be used by the Czech Energy Regulatory Authority. The model of average retail prices depends on the type of contract - spot or forward, with the three-year forward contract having the largest weight on the retail price. Therefore, our study shows that long-term contracts significantly impact retail energy prices, highlighting the importance of regulatory monitoring of market strategies. Methodologically, the model is based on a multivariate regression analysis solved with the least absolute deviations and data for the period 2012 to 2023. The findings of the study contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of the dynamics of energy prices and support policymakers while attempting to ensure energy affordability and sustainability.
Activation cross section for 85Rb(n,2n)84mRb and 85Rb(n,p)85mKr reactions with uncertainty propagation and covariance analysis
(Springer, 2024-09-05) Mehta, M.; Singh, N.L.; Singh, R.K.; Makwana, R.; Subhash, P.V.; Chauhan, Rakesh; Suryanarayana, S.V.; Katovský, Karel
The cross section of Rb-85(n,2n)Rb-84m and Rb-85(n,p)Kr-85m reactions were measured at neutron energy range 12-20 MeV using activation analysis followed by off-line gamma-ray spectroscopic technique. The quasi mono-energetic neutrons were produced through Li-7(p,n)Be-7 reaction. The measurements were done relative to Al-27(n,alpha)Na-24 reference monitor reaction cross section. The detailed uncertainty propagation from the attributes present in measurements was performed using covariance analysis. The gamma-ray self-attenuation and background low neutron energy corrections were performed in the measurement studies. Theoretical calculations were performed by TALYS-1.96 nuclear code. The comparison of measured values with the available data in EXFOR database and evaluated data from JENDL-5 and EAF-2010 shows the measured cross section values of Rb-85(n,p)Kr-85m reaction were slightly higher than the published values, evaluated data and theoretical data while for Rb-85(n,2n)Rb-84m, the measured values were consistent with the published data.
Assessing the Phebus FPT-1 experiment: Insights from MELCOR 2.2 and ASYST codes
(Korean Nuclear Society, 2024-07-14) Mičian, Peter; Černý, Tomáš; Petrosyan, Taron; Foral, Štěpán; Katovský, Karel; Ptáček, Michal
Phebus is an experimental facility that represents a scaled-down version of the French 900 MWe pressurized water reactor (PWR) with a ratio of 1/5000. In order to study phenomena occurring during severe accidents in light water reactors, five experiments (FPT-0 to FPT-4) were performed under different fuel and cooling conditions. This paper provides a comprehensive description of the Phebus FPT-1 experiment, MELCOR and ASYST computer codes, discusses the modelling approaches employed and compares the calculated results with the experimental data. To quantitatively assess the results, the Figure of Merits of selected parameters were calculated for both computer codes using ACAP software.
Experimental investigation and Monte Carlo simulations of radionuclide production inside the Uranium spallation target QUINTA irradiated with a 660-MeV proton beam
(EDP Sciences, 2019-04-03) Tichý, Pavel; Adam, Jindřich; Baldin, Anton Alexandrovich; Chudoba, Petr; Furman, W.; Gustov, S.A.; Khushvaktov, Jurabek; Marin, I.; Solnyshkin, Alexander A.; Suchopár, Martin; Svoboda, Josef; Tyutyunnikov, S.; Vespalec, Radek; Vrzalová, Jitka; Wagner, Vladimír; Závorka, Lukáš; Zeman, Miroslav
The accelerator-Driven-System (ADS) is very important to study the neutron field and radionuclide production inside simple-geometry uranium subcritical setups irradiated with high energy particle beams. A subcritical setup QUINTA was irradiated with the 660-MeV proton beam from Phasotron accelerator at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR). The radionuclide production in the region along the beam axis was investigated by the activation technique. The aim was to compare (n,x) with (p,x) reactions using activation detectors of 59Co and natPb, and compare experimental results with the calculated results using Monte Carlo simulation code MCNPX 2.7.
Np-237 transmutation efficiency dependence on beam particle, energy and sample position in QUINTA setup
(EDP Sciences, 2019-04-03) Kilim, S.; Strugalska-Gola, E.; Szuta, M.; Bielewicz, Marcin; Tyutyunnikov, S.; Adam, Jindřich; Stegailov, V.I.
Np-237 samples were irradiated with spallation neutrons produced at the ADS setup QUINTA. Six experiments were carried out at the JINR, in Dubna – one in carbon (C6+), three in deuteron, and two in proton beams. The energy in carbon was 24 GeV, in deuteron – 2, 4 and 8 GeV, respectively, and 660 MeV in the proton beam. In five cases the sample was located in a side window in a lead shield. In one case (660 MeV proton beam) two samples were located on the top of the QUINTA setup, one – on the top of section 2, and the second one – on the top of section 4. The transmutation study method was based on gamma-ray spectrometry. During the analysis of the spectra several fission products and one actinide were identified. Fission product activities yielded the number of fissions. The actinide (Np-238), a result of neutron capture by Np-237, yielded the number of captures. The main goal of this work was to find out if and how the transmutation rate depended on the accelerator beam and sample location during the irradiation.

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