The Typological Evolution of Residential Open Building in the 20th Century Czech Environment in the Context of European Projects
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2018-11-14
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně,Fakulta architektury
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Fordistický systém práce ve 20. století a nové stavební technologie započaly globalizaci a prefabrikaci. Cílem článku je analýza vybraných realizací otevřených budov. Prostřednictvím kolektivní případové studie vybraných staveb je provedena analýza zkoumaného jevu. V návaznosti na práci Le Corbusiera se v období první republiky na území Československa objevují principy otevřeného obytného domu. Jedná se o skeletové konstrukce s pásovými okny, které umožňují individuální změnu dispozice bez zásahu do nosné podstaty objektu. Na rozdíl od zemí západního bloku se tato typologie dále nerozvíjí. Odporuje totiž ideologické myšlence socializmu, která je založena na kolektivizmu a potírání individuality. Po revoluci v devadesátých letech již generace československých architektů na tyto prvorepublikové koncepty dále nenavazuje.
The 20th century Fordistic labour system together with the expansion of new building technologies has led to general globalization and use of prefabrication techniques. An analysis of the phenomenon being researched is done through a collective case study. Production of open-spaced apartment buildings started to increase after the First World War. This happened thanks to a general awareness of Le Corbusier’s work, among other things. These open-spaced apartment buildings were built according to the concept of steel and concrete skeleton construction construction, basically filled with horizontal ribbon windows, which allows for an individual workspace for changing the designed disposition without any massive changes to the original building structure. In contrast to western countries, this method was not further investigated or used in former Czechoslovakia at that time, mostly because the above-mentioned principles were in contradiction with the socialistic ideology which was based on collectivism.
The 20th century Fordistic labour system together with the expansion of new building technologies has led to general globalization and use of prefabrication techniques. An analysis of the phenomenon being researched is done through a collective case study. Production of open-spaced apartment buildings started to increase after the First World War. This happened thanks to a general awareness of Le Corbusier’s work, among other things. These open-spaced apartment buildings were built according to the concept of steel and concrete skeleton construction construction, basically filled with horizontal ribbon windows, which allows for an individual workspace for changing the designed disposition without any massive changes to the original building structure. In contrast to western countries, this method was not further investigated or used in former Czechoslovakia at that time, mostly because the above-mentioned principles were in contradiction with the socialistic ideology which was based on collectivism.
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PhD Research Sympozium 2018, s. 111–117. ISBN 978-80-214-5664-8.
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cs
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© Vysoké učení technické v Brně,Fakulta architektury