Investigating Battery Degradation Mechanisms by In-Situ SEM Analysis and Related Techniques

Abstract

This paper explores the application of in-situ Scanning Electron Microscopy (in-situ SEM) for real-time analysis of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery materials, enabling high-resolution imaging of structural and morphological changes such as SEI formation, lithium plating, dendrite growth, and particle cracking. Integrating in-situ SEM with techniques like Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) enhances battery analysis by providing complementary chemical and structural insights. Emphasizing the unique capabilities of in-situ SEM, this work highlights its potential in studying next-generation battery chemistry and improving battery design and safety.