Vodní toky a jejich význam pro vývoj sídelních struktur s použitím příkladu města Brna
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Loutocká, Vlasta
Urbášková, Hana
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Mark
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební
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Vodní tok byl a je pro sídelní útvar zásadní. V minulosti definoval jeho polohu i podobu, ovlivňoval vývoj, napomáhal rozvoji hospodářství a později průmyslu, byl dopravní tepnou a zdrojem pitné vody. V době hospodářského a zejména průmyslového rozmachu společnosti význam vodního toku ještě vzrostl, ale zároveň začal být vodní tok vnímán pouze jako pomocná síla, kterou je nezbytné přizpůsobovat potřebám člověka, regulovat ho a svazovat. Koryta řek se při průtoku městy uměle prohlubovala a postupně narovnávala i v délce několika kilometrů, měla jednotvárný říční profil. V průběhu 20.století se začaly objevovat první problémy spojené s kvalitou řek. Znečištění průmyslovými odpady a splašky vedlo k výraznému zhoršení stavu. Řeky se postupně vytrácely z obrazu měst a ztrácely svoje přirozené funkce a hodnoty. Se zvýšeným zájmem o ochranu životního prostředí se na konci minulého století pohled na soužití s řekou výrazně změnil. V 90.letech 20.století se objevují i v naší republice první pokusy o regulaci řek v souladu s jejich přirozenými potřebami a v posledních desetiletích se díky úspěšným projektům revitalizace říčních břehů začínají vracet do měst dříve přirozené funkce řeky – snižování rizika povodní, biologická rozmanitost břehů i života v řece, dobrá kvalita vody. Důraz se klade i na využití pro volnočasové aktivity a rekreaci obyvatel měst, zvyšuje se nejen estetická, ale i ekonomická atraktivita lokalit podél řek. Článek shrnuje historické i současné přístupy k vodním tokům ve vztahu k sídelnímu prostředí a definuje je na příkladu města Brna.
The watercourse was and is essential to the settlement unit. In the past it defined its location and shape, influenced its development, helped the development of the economy and later industry, was a transport artery and a source of drinking water. At a time of economic and, in particular, industrial growth, the importance of the watercourse has increased even more, but at the same time the watercourse has come to be perceived only as an auxiliary force that must be adapted to human needs, regulated and tied down. Riverbeds were artificially deepened and gradually straightened as they flowed through towns, even over a length of several kilometres, and had a monotonous river profile. During the 20th century, the first problems related to river quality began to appear. Pollution from industrial waste and sewage led to a significant deterioration in the condition. Pollution from industrial waste and sewage has led to a significant deterioration in the condition. Rivers have gradually disappeared from the urban landscape and lost their natural functions and values. With the increased interest in environmental protection at the end of the last century, the view of living with a river changed significantly. In the 1990s, the first attempts to regulate rivers in accordance with their natural needs appeared in our country, and in recent decades, successful riverbank revitalisation projects have begun to bring back to cities the river's formerly natural functions - flood risk reduction, biodiversity of riverbanks and river life, good water quality. Emphasis is also being placed on leisure and recreational uses for urban residents, increasing not only the aesthetic but also the economic attractiveness of riverside locations. The article summarises historical and contemporary approaches to watercourses in relation to the built environment and defines them with the example of the city of Brno.
The watercourse was and is essential to the settlement unit. In the past it defined its location and shape, influenced its development, helped the development of the economy and later industry, was a transport artery and a source of drinking water. At a time of economic and, in particular, industrial growth, the importance of the watercourse has increased even more, but at the same time the watercourse has come to be perceived only as an auxiliary force that must be adapted to human needs, regulated and tied down. Riverbeds were artificially deepened and gradually straightened as they flowed through towns, even over a length of several kilometres, and had a monotonous river profile. During the 20th century, the first problems related to river quality began to appear. Pollution from industrial waste and sewage led to a significant deterioration in the condition. Pollution from industrial waste and sewage has led to a significant deterioration in the condition. Rivers have gradually disappeared from the urban landscape and lost their natural functions and values. With the increased interest in environmental protection at the end of the last century, the view of living with a river changed significantly. In the 1990s, the first attempts to regulate rivers in accordance with their natural needs appeared in our country, and in recent decades, successful riverbank revitalisation projects have begun to bring back to cities the river's formerly natural functions - flood risk reduction, biodiversity of riverbanks and river life, good water quality. Emphasis is also being placed on leisure and recreational uses for urban residents, increasing not only the aesthetic but also the economic attractiveness of riverside locations. The article summarises historical and contemporary approaches to watercourses in relation to the built environment and defines them with the example of the city of Brno.
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voda , vodní tok , řeka , sídelní útvar , revitalizace , intravilánová revitalizace , povodně , protipovodňová opatření , Svratka , Svitava , Ponávka , Brno , water , watercourse , river , settlement unit , revitalization , intravilan revitalization , floods , flood control measures , Svratka , Svitava , Ponávka , Brno
Citation
Prostor pro život: voda. Sborník mezinárodní konference Krajina Sídla Památky 2025, s. 192-203. ISBN 978-80-214-6354-7. ISSN 3029-8245.
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