Spatially confined magnetic shape-memory Heuslers: Implications for nanoscale devices
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Date
2025-01-01
Authors
Takhsha Ghahfarokhi, Milad
Horký, Michal
Nasi, Lucia
Kosogor, Anna
Trevisi, Giovanna
Casoli, Francesca
Arregi Uribeetxebarria, Jon Ander
Brescia, Rosaria
Uhlíř, Vojtěch
Albertini, Franca
0000-0003-1734-9789Advisor
Referee
Mark
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier
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Abstract
Magnetic shape-memory (MSM) Heuslers are among the most promising materials for thermo-magneto-mechanical applications. However, the knowledge about the martensitic transformation (which is the basis of the multifunctionality in these materials) as a function of size reduction in the submicron scale is still very limited. Here, we aim to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the behavior of these materials upon nanoscale confinement. We customize a top-down approach by patterning arrays of submicron epitaxial Ni-Mn-Ga structures with lateral sizes down to similar to 70 nm, using a Cr hard mask on MgO(001) substrate. The structures include straight stripes, radial stripes, squares and triangles. The martensitic transformation temperature, sharpness, thermal hysteresis and magnetic characteristics of the material are investigated upon spatial confinement. Transmission electron microscopy techniques including Geometric Phase Analysis (GPA) algorithm, and quantitative theoretical analysis of stress help us to evaluate the martensitic transformation of Ni-Mn-Ga starting from continuous films and down to sub-micron patterns. We show that the size-dependent internal stress relaxation plays a primary role in broadening the martensitic transformation of the material, reducing thermal hysteresis, and pushing the transformation toward higher temperatures in the sub-micron structures. These findings highlight the importance of stress considerations upon incorporation of MSM Heusler materials into nanoscale functional devices.
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Citation
ACTA MATERIALIA. 2025, vol. 284, issue 1, p. 1-11.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645424009273
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645424009273
Document type
Peer-reviewed
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Published version
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en