Wireless electrochemical fabrication of tungsten oxide nanoporous layers in closed bipolar cells
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Date
2025-07-01
Authors
Sepúlveda Sepúlveda, Lina Marcela
Baishya, Kaushik
Rodriguez Pereira, Jhonatan
Čičmancová, Veronika
Hromádko, Luděk
Macák, Jan
0000-0001-6910-8560Advisor
Referee
Mark
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
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Abstract
In this work, the anodization of tungsten (W) foils using closed bipolar electrochemical cells is demonstrated for the first time. The anodization was done using three different electrolytes: (1) 1 M NH4NO3, 1 wt%. H2O in ethylene glycol (EG); (2) 1 M (NH4)2SO4, 75 mM NH4F in H2O; and (3) 170 mM NH4 1.5 wt%. H2O in EG. Different square-wave potentials and frequencies were applied during the anodization. Among the tested electrolytes, electrolyte 1 produced the most well-defined and homogeneous WO3 nanoporous (NP) layers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of multiple W oxidation states on the WO3 NP layers using electrolytes 1 and 2, with W6+ and W5+ being the dominant species. The results demonstrate well-defined WO3 NP layers with a high W6+ species concentration and less than 10 at.% W5+ is achieved using electrolyte 1. These findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between the electrolyte composition, W oxidation states, and the morphology of WO3 NP layers.
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Citation
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS. 2025, vol. 176, issue 7, p. 1-7.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138824812500102X
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138824812500102X
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Peer-reviewed
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en
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Defence
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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/