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Hluboké učení pro analýzu 3D geometrie v medicíně
(Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, ) Kubík, Tibor; Španěl, Michal; Zemčík, Pavel
Architektúry hlbokých neurónových sietí navrhnuté pre tradičné signály, ako sú pravidelne vzorkované obrázky a mriežky, sa nedajú priamo previesť na geometrické reprezentácie s nepravidelným charakterom, ako napríklad triangulované povrchy či mračná bodov. Keďže nástroje, ktoré produkujú tieto 3D dáta sú čoraz dostupnejšie, toto rozšírenie je pre plánovanie zákrokov v digitálnej medicíne stále viac a viac potrebné. Cieľom tejto práce je preskúmať využitie techník hlbokého učenia na analýzu trojuholníkových sietí. Na úlohu automatickej segmentácie zubov v povrchových skenoch čeľustí, automatizácie žiadanej v priemysle, je v tejto práci navrhnutý a vyhodnotený prístup založený na rekurentných viacpohľadových neurónových sieťach. Tento algoritmus prekonáva jednak konvenčný segmentačný algoritmus založený na metóde 3D Graph-Cutu, rovnako ako aj iné neeuklidovské metódy spracovávajúce mračná bodov či priamo štruktúru mešov. Na komplexných ortodontických prípadoch obsahujúcich skeny s krivými zubami či naskenovanými ortodontickými aparátmi dosahuje navrhnutý prístup hodnôt 0,966 na metrike váhovaného IoU a 0,382 mm na metrike 95 percentilu Hausdorffovej vzdialenosti. Výsledky sú sľubné pre nasadenie do softvéru na plánovanie zubných zákrokov, čo by zubným lekárom zefektívnilo pracovný postup a umožnilo im venovať viac pozornosti na samotnú liečbu.
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Towards Sustainable Building Materials: An Experimental Investigation into the Effect of Recycled Construction Waste Aggregate on the Properties of High-Performance Concrete
(MDPI, 2025-08-06) Gandel, Radoslav; Jeřábek, Jan; Pěkníková, Andrea; Topolář, Libor; Sucharda, Oldřich
This study presents a comparison of the mechanical properties of selected high-performance concrete mixtures, some of which contained a proportion of recycled concrete aggregate (15% or 30%) as a substitute for natural aggregate. A reference mixture without recycled concrete aggregate was used for comparison. Initially, the properties of concrete containing both the natural and recycled aggregate types were characterized. This was followed by a series of mechanical tests investigating the compressive strength, flexural strength, and chemical resistance (including resistance to de-icing agents and sulfuric acid). The structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams produced from the mixtures was assessed, and surface morphology was evaluated using a digital microscope. The results confirmed that the use of recycled aggregate had a measurable yet limited effect on the properties of hardened concrete. While the compressive strength tended to decrease slightly with an increasing degree of replacement, the flexural strength remained stable in all the mixtures. The tested mixtures demonstrated adequate resistance to de-icing agents and sulfuric acid. Interestingly, specimens subjected to a frost-resistance test showed improved flexural strength, potentially due to ongoing hydration or microcrack healing. In addition, the RC beams with partial aggregate replacement achieved a higher load-bearing capacity compared to the reference beams. The optical surface evaluation method proved to be a valuable tool, complementary to conventional strength testing. This research enhances the current understanding of recycled aggregate concrete and supports its potential forstructural applications.
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Packing versus cavity: Zone-Specific contributions to mass transfer in rotating packed bed absorption process
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2025-08-11) Blatkiewicz, Michal; Majdzik, Małgorzata; Lewandowski, Gniewomir; Piątkowski, Marcin; Jaskulski, Maciej; Hájek, Ondřej; Malý, Milan; Gorak, Andrzej
A pilot-size rotating packed bed unit has been equipped with an infrared system for liquid phase analysis and a special interceptor that allows for online sampling of the absorbent solution at two points in the RPB: the outer periphery of the packing and the liquid outlet. Such a system allows to determine specific contributions of the packing zone and the cavity zone to the overall mass transfer. A standard chemical system of carbon dioxide and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide was used to determine reactive absorption efficiency under different packing and outer casing diameters, as well as varying rotational speeds, gas and liquid flow rates, and inlet absorbate concentrations. CO2 removal up to 27 % was achieved. Depending on geometrical configurations and process conditions, the cavity zone contribution in total absorption efficiency varied between 0 % and 46 %. Outer casing diameter had deciding effect on the mass transfer in the cavity zone, but it was also significantly affected by the packing size and rotational speed.
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Robust Statistical Approaches for Stratified Data of Municipal Solid Waste Composition: A Case Study of the Czech Republic
(MDPI, 2025-08-12) Šomplák, Radovan; Smejkalová, Veronika; Nevrlý, Vlastimír; Pluskal, Jaroslav
Accurate information on waste composition is essential for strategic planning in waste management and developing environmental technologies. However, detailed analyses of individual waste containers are both time- and cost-intensive, resulting in a limited number of available samples. Therefore, it is crucial to apply statistical methods that enable reliable estimation of average waste composition and its variability, while accounting for territorial differences. This study presents a statistical approach based on territorial stratification, aggregating data from individual waste container analyses to higher geographic units. The methodology was applied in a case study conducted in the Czech Republic, where 19.4 tons of mixed municipal waste (MMW) were manually analyzed in selected representative municipalities. The method considers regional heterogeneity, monitors the precision of partial estimates, and supports reliable aggregation across stratified regions. Three alternative approaches for constructing interval estimates of individual waste components are presented. Each interval estimate addresses variability from the random selection of waste containers and the selection of strata representatives at multiple levels. The proposed statistical framework is particularly suited to situations where the number of samples is small, a common scenario in waste composition analysis. The approach provides a practical tool for generating statistically sound insights under limited data conditions. The main fractions of MMW identified in the Czech Republic were as follows: paper 6.7%, plastic 7.3%, glass 3.6%, bio-waste 28.4%, metal 2.1%, and textile 3.0%. The methodology is transferable to other regions with similar waste management systems.
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Maintenance Optimization for Unavailability Enhancement of Representative Interconnected Infrastructure Based on Minimum Cost
(SAGE Publications, 2025-08-06) Briš, Radim; Praks, Pavel; Fujdiak, Radek; Vrtal, Matěj; Brkic, Dejan
This paper explores the feasibility of solving a maintenance optimization problem in an interconnected smart grid system, comprising a power grid and a communication network, to reduce system unavailability. The unavailability, which must be in practice under the control of a system operator, is particularly sensitive to critical components in the power grid that must be under preventive maintenance (PM). The main goal is to find an optimal setup of PM within the specified mission time, minimizing system operation costs and reducing time-dependent unavailability. The method for unavailability quantification was remade to include different stochastic models for the unavailability calculation of system components working in different maintenance modes. A cost model is suggested to estimate the cost of various maintenance configurations. By applying these methodological tools designed to benefit users of any complex system, an optimal PM policy was developed for the selected smart grid. This policy reduces grid unavailability by approximately 20% and lowers costs by about 8.5% compared to a configuration without maintenance.