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Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Surface Morphology and Ablation Efficiency in UV Ultrafast Laser Micromachining of Fused Silica(Jan Evangelista Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem, 2025-11-11) Novotný, Jan; Mrňa, Libor; Sedlák, Josef; Kolomý, ŠtěpánFused silica is a key material for high-precision applications such as micro-optics and microfluidics. One route to improving direct laser writing (DLW) of fused silica is the use of shorter laser wavelengths, which enable tighter focusing and enhanced absorption. In this study, the influence of process parameters on surface quality and material removal during DLW using a deep ultraviolet (DUV) ultrafast laser (257 nm, 1 ps) was investigated. A full-factorial design of the experiment was used to identify conditions that optimise both surface quality and ablation efficiency. Surface roughness as low as S-a approximate to 200 nm and material removal rates up to 0.048 mm(3).min(-1) were achieved. Conditions that led to surface degradation were also identified. Finally, the optimised parameters were applied to fabricate a microfluidic demonstrator. These results confirm that DUV ultrafast DLW is a powerful technique for fabricating high-fidelity features in fused silica with exceptional precision and quality that can be used for micro-optics or microfluidics devices.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Regularly varying solutions of subhomogeneous differential equations with p(t)-Laplacian(Springer Nature, 2025-11-08) Fujimoto, Kodai; Řehák, PavelThis paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of increasing solutions to subhomogeneous differential equations involving the p(t)-Laplacian operator. Specifically, we consider the quasilinear equation (a(t)|y'|(p(t)) sgny')' = b(t)|y|(q(t)) L-G(|y|)sgny where p(t) and q(t) are variable exponents and L-G is a slowly varying perturbation. Our focus is on regularly varying solutions under the subhomogeneity condition p(t) > q(t) for large t. We show that all increasing solutions are regularly varying, derive asymptotic formulas for these solutions, and demonstrate their examples. This work contributes to the understanding of nonoscillatory solutions and shows how regular variation can be useful in studying differential equations involving variable exponents.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Non-Contrast Radiation Free NIR Lung Imaging(MDPI, 2025-11-11) Votruba, Jiří; Drahanský, Martin; Goldmann, Tomáš; Brůha, Tomáš; Kolář, RadimBackground/Objectives: Early localization of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) remains challenging despite technological advances in endoscopic navigation, as the procedure often necessitates multiple ionizing imaging examinations. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a radiation-free optical method for SPN localization based on near-infrared (NIR) translumination. Methods: A miniaturized NIR light source was introduced into the bronchial tree to illuminate the lung parenchyma. The transmitted and scattered NIR light was detected in real time from the pleural side using minipleuroscopy and a CMOS camera. The approach exploits intrinsic differences in optical absorption and scattering between normal and pathological lung tissue, allowing visualization of the parenchymal micro-architecture without exogenous contrast agents. Results: In ex vivo porcine lungs, tissue structures were clearly visualized through up to approximately 4 cm of parenchyma. In a ventilated pig (n = 1), bronchial NIR illumination was consistently detected from the pleural cavity and produced distinct images of lobular structures and the bronchial mucosa. Conclusions: These feasibility findings demonstrate that NIR translumination can provide radiation-free intra-thoracic visualization and may serve as a valuable adjunct for biopsy guidance. Further quantitative validation and clinical translation are warranted to establish its applicability in human pulmonary procedures.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Spin wave localization in a magnonic crystal with a defect(AIP Publishing, 2025-11-07) Ordonez-Romero, Cesar L.; Lazcano, Zorayda; Pirruccio, Giuseppe; Urbánek, Michal; Hrncir, Tomas; Ustinov, Aleksey B.; Drozdovskii, Andrey; Qureshi, Naser; Kolokoltsev, Oleg; Monsivais, GuillermoDefects are typically regarded as detrimental in crystalline systems whose physical properties rely on symmetry. However, lattice defects are known to be an effective solution for applications requiring energy localization. Here, we report the experimental observation of spin wave localization in a one-dimensional magnonic crystal with broken translational symmetry. By operating in the diffractive regime, we directly image energy localization in both space and time using a magneto-inductive probe. This work provides the first direct space- and time-resolved experimental evidence of spin wave localization in a diffractive regime due to a single structural defect. These findings are in good agreement with theoretical simulations, validating the underlying physical mechanism.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Effect of the Incorporation of EuCl3 as a Fluorescent Probe into Ionic Liquids on Rheological and Electrical Properties for Tribological Applications(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025-11-06) Blahut, Jan; Zmeškal, Oldřich; Michalec, Michal; Šimara, Vít; Svoboda, Petr; Smolka, Rastislav; Sokola, PatrikFluorescence optical microscopy tracking the film thickness as a function of fluorescence intensity under the influence of an external electric field could be a very promising technique. Due to the insufficient fluorescence properties of ionic liquids, the incorporation of fluorescent probes is necessary. This research work investigates the incorporation of europium(III) chloride (EuCl3) as a fluorescent probe into the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HMIMCl) and its impact on the rheological and electrical properties of the resulting ionic liquid complex for future tribological use. The study showed that the incorporation of EuCl3 imparts fluorescence properties to HMIMCl, characterized by two emission peaks at 590 and 612 nm, which correspond to two specific electronic transitions of the europium ion, namely, 5D0 7F1 and 5D0 7F2. Temperature-dependent current–voltage characteristics were measured, which showed increased conductivity correlated with reduced viscosity. Rheological analysis demonstrated that the addition of EuCl3 increased the dynamic viscosity of the ionic liquid while remaining within the range of common low viscosity tribological oils. This research highlights the potential of fluorescent ionic liquids in tribological applications and paves the way for the development of smart, environmentally friendly lubricants, which would be able to react to an electric field. The findings contribute valuable insights into the design and optimization of smart fluids that can adapt their properties in response to external stimuli.