Spark plasma extrusion of binder free hydroxyapatite powder

Abstract
This work explores the possibility of manufacturing dense and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) large monoliths by spark plasma extrusion (SPE). This method combines uniaxial mechanical compression, high temperature, and electromagnetic field to promote the extrusion and sintering of HA powder in one single step. The results show that the binder-free extrusion of pre-compacted HA powder is feasible at a temperature similar to the temperature at which nanocrystalline HA shows superplastic behavior. The extrusion continues throughout the sliding and rotation of the particles, and also due to the grain boundary sliding, up to the point where no more material is available, thus producing monoliths of nearly 30 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter. The dehydration and smooth surface of the powder appear as paramount factors to facilitate the HA extrusion without additives. The extruded HA preserved the stoichiometry and nanometric grain size and exhibited preferential microstructural alignment in the direction of extrusion. The material experiences local thermal and pressure gradients during extrusion, producing different densification and hardness along its length. The SPE of HA will benefit the healthcare field by offering new processing approaches of bone substitutes and osteosynthesis devices.
Description
Citation
Nanotechnology Reviews. 2022, vol. 11, issue 1, p. 2295-2303.
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0131/html
Document type
Peer-reviewed
Document version
Published version
Date of access to the full text
Language of document
en
Study field
Comittee
Date of acceptance
Defence
Result of defence
Document licence
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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