Hodnocení účinnosti moderních čistírenských technologií pomocí testů ekotoxicity
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická
Abstract
Stále častějším problémem se stává zvýšená konzumace xenobiotik, a tím se zvyšuje náročnost na jejich následné odstranění z odpadních vod, neboť mohou znamenat ekotoxikologickou zátěž pro životní prostředí. Pokročilé oxidační procesy (AOP) představují možnost, jak takovéto polutanty z odpadních vod odstranit. Jedná se o neselektivní reakční mechanismy, jako jsou například Fentonův, UV nebo UV/H2O2 reakce, které pomocí vygenerovaných OH radikálů dokáží odbourat resistentní látky. Tématem této diplomové práce bylo studium vlivu pokročilých oxidačních procesů na ekotoxicitu vybraných léčiv, a to konkrétně ibuprofenu, ketoprofenu, erythromycinu, tetracyklinu, kyseliny acetylsalicylové, sulfamethoxazolu a sulfathiazolu za využití laboratorní jednotky AOP. Veškeré látky byly otestovány na vodních organismech, a to na korýších Daphnia magna a Thamnocephalus platyurus, a také na vodní rostlině Lemna minor. Z jednotlivých měření pak byly stanoveny ekotoxikologické hodnoty EC50, LC50 a IC50 pro zmíněné způsoby ošetření a porovnána jejich ekotoxicita. Dále byla u vzorků ošetřených pomocí peroxidu vodíku měřena jeho koncentrace, jak před začátkem ošetření, tak i po skončení ošetření pomocí AOP. Získaná data ukazují, že peroxid vodíku zvyšuje hodnoty ekotoxicity a v systému se udržuje ve významných koncentracích i po týdnu. Z léčiv testovaných v environmentálních hladinách acetylsalicylová kyselina vykazovala největší ekotoxikologické účinky při chronickém testu na D. magna.
The increased consumption of xenobiotics is becoming an increasingly common problem, and thus the demands for their subsequent removal from wastewater are increasing, as they can mean an ecotoxicological burden for the environment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) represent a possibility to remove such pollutants from wastewater. These are non-selective reaction mechanisms, such as Fenton's, UV or UV/H2O2 reactions, which can break down resistant substances with the help of generated OH radicals. The topic of this thesis was the study of the effect of advanced oxidation processes on the ecotoxicity of selected drugs, namely ibuprofen, ketoprofen, erythromycin, tetracycline, acetylsalicylic acid, sulfamethoxazole and sulfathiazole using the AOP laboratory unit. All substances were tested on aquatic organisms, namely the crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus, as well as the aquatic plant Lemna minor. Ecotoxicological EC50, LC50 and IC50 values for the mentioned treatment methods were then determined from the individual measurements and their ecotoxicity was compared. Furthermore, its concentration was measured in samples treated with hydrogen peroxide, both before the start of the treatment and also after the end of the treatment with AOP. The obtained data show that hydrogen peroxide increases ecotoxicity values and remains in significant concentrations in the system even after a week. Of the drugs tested at environmental levels, acetylsalicylic acid showed the greatest ecotoxicological effects in a chronic test on D. magna.
The increased consumption of xenobiotics is becoming an increasingly common problem, and thus the demands for their subsequent removal from wastewater are increasing, as they can mean an ecotoxicological burden for the environment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) represent a possibility to remove such pollutants from wastewater. These are non-selective reaction mechanisms, such as Fenton's, UV or UV/H2O2 reactions, which can break down resistant substances with the help of generated OH radicals. The topic of this thesis was the study of the effect of advanced oxidation processes on the ecotoxicity of selected drugs, namely ibuprofen, ketoprofen, erythromycin, tetracycline, acetylsalicylic acid, sulfamethoxazole and sulfathiazole using the AOP laboratory unit. All substances were tested on aquatic organisms, namely the crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus, as well as the aquatic plant Lemna minor. Ecotoxicological EC50, LC50 and IC50 values for the mentioned treatment methods were then determined from the individual measurements and their ecotoxicity was compared. Furthermore, its concentration was measured in samples treated with hydrogen peroxide, both before the start of the treatment and also after the end of the treatment with AOP. The obtained data show that hydrogen peroxide increases ecotoxicity values and remains in significant concentrations in the system even after a week. Of the drugs tested at environmental levels, acetylsalicylic acid showed the greatest ecotoxicological effects in a chronic test on D. magna.
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Citation
GOMA, B. Hodnocení účinnosti moderních čistírenských technologií pomocí testů ekotoxicity [online]. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická. 2023.
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Document version
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en
Study field
bez specializace
Comittee
doc. Mgr. Renata Komendová, Ph.D. (člen)
doc. MVDr. Helena Zlámalová Gargošová, Ph.D. (člen)
prof. Ing. Tomáš Svěrák, CSc. (člen)
prof. Ing. Jiří Kučerík, Ph.D. (předseda)
doc. Mgr. Michaela Vašinová Galiová, Ph.D. (místopředseda)
dr. Maximilian Meyer (RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau) (člen)
dr. Zacharias Steinmetz (RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau) (člen)
Date of acceptance
2023-05-23
Defence
The student presented the most significant results of her thesis. Afterwards, the report by the thesis advisor and the thesis reviewer were presented. This was followed by five questions by the reviewer. All of them were answered to the reviewer’s satisfaction.
The discussion on the thesis followed. Members of the committee asked for example the following: What are disadvantages of real water samples? Why did higher mortality of organisms occur after treatment? How would you continue with the research? Did you calculate standard deviations?
In the discussion, the student demonstrated adequate knowledge of the subject, and she was able to provide answers to all questions asked by the committee.
Result of defence
práce byla úspěšně obhájena
Document licence
Standardní licenční smlouva - přístup k plnému textu bez omezení