Architektúra a nevidiaci
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury
Abstract
Dizertačná práca rozoberá problematiku nevidiacich žudí vo vzťahu k architektúre. Pre prehžadnosť a určitú chronológiu javov, prácu rozdelím na určité celky, kapitoly. V prvej, úvodnej časti práce budem rozoberať vnímanie priestoru nevidiacou osobou z fyziologicko-psychologického hžadiska. Rozbor je vežmi dôležitý pre pochopenie predstáv, ktoré má nevidiaci človek. Taktiež je dôležitý fakt, akými prostriedkami sa nevidiaci k priestorovým informáciám dostáva a ako je schopný ich spracovať. Taktiež by som chcela objasniť základné pravidlá pohybu nevidiaceho po priestore, ako i návod, ako nevidiacemu v určitých situáciách vo vzťahu k prostrediu pomôcť. V ďalšej časti práce, stručne pre informovanosť, rozoberiem historický vývoj vzťahu spoločnosti k nevidiacim žuďom. Tu je dôležitý fakt, že nevidiaci boli ešte pred dvesto rokmi braní ako menejcenní žudia, ktorí nemali plné právo slobody. Tento vzťah sa časom upravil. Nevidiaci žudia majú právo vožne sa venovať svojím záujmom, majú právo slobodne sa pohybovať po prostredí a plne ho využívať. Pre potreby nevidiacich boli vytvorené mnohé spolky a organizácie, ktoré ich zastupujú. Spolky majú rôzne zameranie. Ich prvoradým ciežom je pomáhať zrakovo postihnutým žuďom pri ich sociálnej rehabilitácii, hžadaní zamestnania a odstraňovaní architektonických bariér. Samotné jadro práce rozdežujem na dve časti. V prvej sa zameriam na problematiku zrakovo postihnutých žudí a architektúry z funkčného hžadiska. Pre nevidiacich je funkčné hžadisko prvoradé, lebo podmieňuje ich bezpečnosť v prostredí. V tejto kapitole podrobne rozoberiem základné prvky potrebné pre navrhovanie stavieb pre nevidiacich, označovanie prekážok a zásady navrhovania. Na konkrétnych príkladoch sa pokúsim vysvetliť pravidlá správneho navrhovania. Ďalej do kapitoly začlením popis pomôcok, ktoré nevidiaci pri svojom pohybe používajú. Taktiež budem skúmať budúcnosť týchto pomôcok a naznačiť rapídny technologický vývoj, ktorý život nevidiacim žuďom nesmierne užahčuje. V druhej časti práce rozoberiem problematiku zrakovo postihnutých žudí a architektúry z estetického hžadiska. Táto problematika je zatiaž menej preskúmaná, no je takisto dôležitá. V tejto časti práce budem využívať vo väčšej miere osobné skúsenosti a poznatky nadobudnuté bádaním v prostredí. Estetické hodnoty sú subjektívne pre každého človeka bez ohžadu na handicap. Preto sa budem snažiť v kapitole zaznamenať najmä fakty, pomocou ktorých sa môže človek pri estetickom vnímaní odrážať. I pre estetické hžadanie existujú pomôcky a inštitúcie, ktoré pomáhajú nevidiacim žuďom túto časť architektúry spoznávať. Členenie práce vyplýva zo zbierania informácií a faktov v priebehu procesu písania práce. Práca bude mať informatívno-praktický charakter a je určená žuďom, ktorí chcú spoznať a byť informovaní ako vzniká architektúra, vhodná pre nevidiacich žudí. Bude určená žudom, ktorí takúto architektúru navrhujú a potrebujú prehžad, ako architektúru vytvárať. Taktiež bude určená nevidiacim žuďom, ktorí majú chuť sa o architektúre dozvedieť viac.
This thesis explores the relationship between architecture and the blind people. For better clarity and understanding of the topic, The work has been divided into five distinctive parts. In the first, introduction part, I approach space sensation of a blind person from the physiological and psychological angle. This analysis is very important for the understanding of imagination, which the blind person has. Another important fact to understand is the way in which the blind person gets the information about the space and what is his ability to process it. Further, I explain the basic principles of the blind person’s movement through space and describe instructions of how to help blind people in the concrete spatial situations. In the next part, I give a short information about the historical progress of the relation between the society and the blind people. An important fact is that, as late as 200 years ago, the blind people were considered as “sub men” and did not have the full freedom privilege. This relation has been modified over time and nowadays, the blind people have the freedom of movement and all the rights to enjoy their lives. To meet the needs of the blind people, many associations have been created that act on their behalf. The associations have different modes of functioning, but their common goal is to help blind people with their social rehabilitation, looking for employment and removing architectural barriers. The core of my work is divided into two parts. In the first one, I focus on the problematic of the blind people and architecture from the functional aspect. The functional aspect is vital for the blind people. It corresponds to their safety in the environment. In this chapter, I treat in detail basic elements for designing buildings, for specifying barriers and principles of design for blind people. Furthermore, I describe the help tools the blind people need in order to move in the space. I evaluate the future of these tools and indicate the rapid technological progression which makes the life of blind people more comfortable. In the next part, I focus on the problematic of the blind people and architecture from the aesthetic aspect. This question has not been much explored yet, but is, nonetheless, very important. In this part of my work, I use more my personal experience and the knowledge coming from the exploration of space. Aesthetical values are subjective for all the people, with or without a handicap. Therefore, in this final chapter, I try to note the facts that can be used in the process of the aesthetical perception and to reflect on them. In the domain of aesthetical research, there also exist tools and institutions that help blind people in their comprehension of architecture. The division of my work emerged from the compilation of diverse facts in the process of writing. This thesis has an informative and practical character. It is intended for people who want to understand and to be informed about how to design architecture for the blind people. It will be directed towards people who build this kind of architecture and need an overview of how to make it. It is also intended for people interested in learning more about architecture.
This thesis explores the relationship between architecture and the blind people. For better clarity and understanding of the topic, The work has been divided into five distinctive parts. In the first, introduction part, I approach space sensation of a blind person from the physiological and psychological angle. This analysis is very important for the understanding of imagination, which the blind person has. Another important fact to understand is the way in which the blind person gets the information about the space and what is his ability to process it. Further, I explain the basic principles of the blind person’s movement through space and describe instructions of how to help blind people in the concrete spatial situations. In the next part, I give a short information about the historical progress of the relation between the society and the blind people. An important fact is that, as late as 200 years ago, the blind people were considered as “sub men” and did not have the full freedom privilege. This relation has been modified over time and nowadays, the blind people have the freedom of movement and all the rights to enjoy their lives. To meet the needs of the blind people, many associations have been created that act on their behalf. The associations have different modes of functioning, but their common goal is to help blind people with their social rehabilitation, looking for employment and removing architectural barriers. The core of my work is divided into two parts. In the first one, I focus on the problematic of the blind people and architecture from the functional aspect. The functional aspect is vital for the blind people. It corresponds to their safety in the environment. In this chapter, I treat in detail basic elements for designing buildings, for specifying barriers and principles of design for blind people. Furthermore, I describe the help tools the blind people need in order to move in the space. I evaluate the future of these tools and indicate the rapid technological progression which makes the life of blind people more comfortable. In the next part, I focus on the problematic of the blind people and architecture from the aesthetic aspect. This question has not been much explored yet, but is, nonetheless, very important. In this part of my work, I use more my personal experience and the knowledge coming from the exploration of space. Aesthetical values are subjective for all the people, with or without a handicap. Therefore, in this final chapter, I try to note the facts that can be used in the process of the aesthetical perception and to reflect on them. In the domain of aesthetical research, there also exist tools and institutions that help blind people in their comprehension of architecture. The division of my work emerged from the compilation of diverse facts in the process of writing. This thesis has an informative and practical character. It is intended for people who want to understand and to be informed about how to design architecture for the blind people. It will be directed towards people who build this kind of architecture and need an overview of how to make it. It is also intended for people interested in learning more about architecture.
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Keywords
acces, acustic arrangement, aesthetic aspect, aid blinding, architectural barriers, blind people, comprehension, design, elements, functional aspect, future, historical progress, knowledge, modes of functioning, needs, personal experience, relationship, removing barriers, space sensation, taking of handicap, technological progression, white cane, prístup, akustické úpravy, estetické hžadisko, slepecké pomôcky, architektonické bariéry, nevidiaci žudia, spoznávanie, navrhovanie, prvky, funkčné hžadisko, budúcnosť, historický vývoj, poznatky, zamerania, potreby, osobné skúsenosti, vzťah, odstraňovanie bariér, vnímanie priestoru, označovanie prekážok, technologický vývoj, biela palička
Citation
LUCIAKOVÁ, K. Architektúra a nevidiaci [online]. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury. .
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Architektura
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práce byla úspěšně obhájena
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