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Calibration for Quantitative Chemical Analysis in IR Microscopic Imaging
(2025-10-06) Magnussen, Eirik Almklov; Zimmermann, Boris; Dzurendová, Simona; Slany, Ondrej; Tafintseva, Valeria; Liland, Kristian Hovde; Tondel, Kristin; Shapaval, Volha; Kohler, Achim
Infrared spectroscopy of macroscopic samples can be calibrated against reference analysis, such as lipid profiles acquired by gas chromatography, and serve as a fast, low-cost, quantitative analytical method. Calibration of infrared microspectroscopic images against reference data is in general not feasible, and thus spatially resolved quantitative analysis from infrared spectral data has not been possible so far. In this work, we present a deep learning-based calibration transfer method to adapt regression models established for macroscopic infrared spectroscopic data to apply to microscopic pixel spectra of hyperspectral IR images. The calibration transfer is accomplished by transferring microspectroscopic infrared spectra to the domain of macroscopic spectra, which enables the use of models obtained for bulk measurements. This allows us to perform quantitative chemical analysis in the imaging domain based on infrared microspectroscopic measurements. We validate the suggested microcalibration approach on microspectroscopic data of oleaginous filamentous fungi, which is calibrated toward lipid profiles obtained by gas chromatography and measurements of glucosamine content to perform quantitative infrared microspectroscopy.
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Borders of Physical Self in Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review of Virtual Hand Position Discrepancy Detection
(2025-01-06) Antoš, David; Švec, Tomáš; Hořínková, Jana; Bartečková, Eliška
Introduction Virtual reality (VR) holds significant promise for psychiatric research, treatment, and assessment. Its unique ability to elicit immersion and presence is important for effective interventions. Immersion and presence are influenced by matching-the alignment between provided sensory information and user feedback, and self-presentation-the depiction of a user's virtual body or limbs. Discrepancies between real and virtual hands can affect the sense of presence and thus treatment efficacy. However, the precise impact of positional offsets in healthy individuals remains under-explored. This review assesses how various factors influence the detection thresholds for positional offsets in VR among healthy subjects. Methods A comprehensive database search targeted English-language studies on the detection thresholds of virtual hand positional offsets using head-mounted displays (HMDs) with specific tracking capabilities. Data on methodologies, participant demographics, and VR system specifics were extracted. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing significant variability in detection thresholds-from a few millimeters to 42 cm for linear shifts and from 2 degrees to 45 degrees for angular shifts. Sensitivity to these offsets was affected by hand movement direction and magnitude, hand representation realism, and the presence of distractions. VR system specifications, such as resolution and tracking accuracy, also played a significant role. Methodological issues included small sample sizes, inadequate demographic reporting, and inconsistent presence or avatar embodiment measures. Conclusion The results highlight the need to consider identified influencing factors to maximize user presence in VR-based therapies. Variability in VR device capabilities also emphasizes the need for detailed reporting of device properties in research. The individual variability in offset detection further illustrates VR's potential as a tool for studying body ownership and multisensory integration.
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Organic films with amino groups on nanofibrous structure control innate immune response
(2025-12-01) Janůšová, Martina; Matušů, Patrik; Bartošíková, Jana; Janů, Lucie; Šillerová, Zdeňka; Nečas, David; Ryšánek, Petr; Medalová, Jiřina; Zajíčková, Lenka
Synthetic polymer nanofibers, such as polycaprolactone (PCL), are widely used as scaffolds in tissue engineering due to their ease of fabrication. However, their surface properties often fail to meet the specific requirements of cell culture. Coating the scaffolds with organic thin films containing amino groups using a plasma-based dry method provides a simple, single-step, and tunable approach to enhance their hydrophilicity. Motivated by the potential application of these films in bioengineering, this study investigates key characteristics influencing the immune response, capturing both the early and late stages of immune activation represented here by neutrophil-like and macrophage-like cell models, respectively. In neutrophils, the strongest undesirable pro- inflammatory activation was triggered by films with high nitrogen content, positive surface charge, and low water stability, as evidenced by elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophage-like cells exhibited a similar trend, albeit with a shifted activation threshold: amine films characterized by lower nitrogen content more effectively reduced pro-inflammatory activation. Morphological changes in macrophage-like cells further supported the role of surface chemistry in modulating their behavior. In addition to surface chemistry, substrate morphology played a role in immune modulation. The porous structure of PCL nanofibers enhanced the immune profile of macrophage-like cells by increasing pro-regenerative M2 cytokine expression and reducing pro-inflammatory M1 markers. In contrast, neutrophil-like cells were largely unaffected by substrate morphology and responded primarily to surface chemistry. This study underscores the importance of immune response investigation in biomaterial design.
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Spin-wave microscale RF delay lines for mid- and high-frequency 5G band
(2025-10-14) Davídková, Kristýna; Levchenko, Khrystyna O.; Serha, Rostyslav O.; Bruckner, Florian; Lindner, Morris; Dubs, Carsten; Urbánek, Michal; Suess, Dieter; Wang, Qi; Verba, Roman V.; Chumak, Andrii V.
Delay lines (DL) are crucial components in communication systems, providing the required time delays for signal timing, synchronization, and processing. DLs providing nanosecond-scale delays are conventionally based on acoustic waves; however, they cannot operate conveniently in a high-frequency range (EU 5G high-band 24.25-27.5 GHz) required by a modern generation of 5G communication technologies to speed up data transfer. The proposed solution is to use DL based on spin-wave (SW) transmission, as SW devices allow for operation at high-frequency ranges and can be scaled down to a few m 2 . In this study, we investigate SW-based DL at the microscale at the frequency ranges of 4, 9, and 25 GHz. The DL is based on SW transmission between a pair of 250 nm wide microwave coplanar waveguide transducers, each with a footprint of 2.25 × 100 m 2 , and fabricated with varying mutual distances on a 97 nm thin yttrium iron garnet film. DLs are tested for in-plane SW modes (Damon-Eshbach and backward volume), and depending on the parameters, the extracted delay times are in the range of 6-165 ns. Furthermore, the insertion losses are extracted and compared to other DL concepts. Time-gating analysis of the measured transmission is performed, providing a detailed discussion of individual signal contributions to the measured spectra. Additionally, analytical theory is employed to compare the experimental delay times with analytical calculations and to predict how to adjust the device parameters to obtain variable time delays.
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Enhanced corrosion resistance of 2024 aluminum alloys with Cr2O3 thin layers by Atomic Layer Deposition
(2025-11-01) Mercier, Dimitri; Zazpe Mendioroz, Raúl; Wang, Xiaozhen; Michaux, Maria Celina; Rodriguez Pereira, Jhonatan; Zanna, Sandrine; Seyeux, Antoine; Macák, Jan; Marcus, Philippe
This research explores the use of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) thin layers grown by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) as protective coating to enhance the corrosion resistance of 2024 aluminum alloys. In order to obtain sufficiently dense and uniform Cr2O3 layers, the ALD process was tailored in terms of alloy surface pretreatment before the main Cr2O3 ALD process. The corrosion resistance of both Cr2O3 coated and non-coated aluminum alloys was evaluated in a corrosive 0.1 M KOH environment using in situ optical microscopy and ex situ surface analysis techniques, including X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and a neutral environment containing chlorides. Findings revealed that the Cr2O3-coated samples exhibited significantly reduced reactivity, highlighting the excellent corrosion protection provided by the Cr2O3 thin films. Although surface analysis revealed the presence of submicron defects within the Cr2O3 layer, which could act as corrosion initiation sites, the occurrence of these defects was mitigated with increasing Cr2O3 layer thickness. Additionally, after the corrosion test, an enrichment of copper and aluminum oxides at the layer surface was observed, suggesting preferential attack at intermetallic phases in corrosive environment.