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Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , SME Bankruptcy Prediction Using Convolutional Neural Networks(2025-12-30) Režňáková, Mária; Pěta, Jan; Šebestová, Monika; Dostál, PetrFailure to repay obligations to creditors, whether credit institutions or business partners, causes serious economic problems not only for the debtor but also for its stakeholders. Preventing this problem requires identifying the potential threat. This paper explores the potential use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in identifying businesses at risk of bankruptcy. It is based on a graphical representation of differences in company performance and selected macroeconomic indicators. In our research, we used the GoogLeNet neural network architecture. The approach used allowed to display the financial situation of a company so that the generated CNN could identify active companies and companies at risk of bankruptcy with high accuracy. The procedure was applied to data of companies operating in the construction industry in the Czech Republic. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). The use of CNN has yielded high forecast accuracy, demonstrating the ability to efficiently process graphical displays of financial data and capture differences between healthy and risky companies. The indicators identified in the constructed model can be used as input variables in an early warning system for financial distress.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Comparative Advantages and Specialization Dynamics in Agri-food Trade of Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay(2025-12-30) Zdráhal, Ivo; Hrabálek, Martin; Kadlec, Petr; Krpec, OldřichThe article interrogates the shape, dynamic, and fragility of revealed comparative advantages of 46 agri-food products traded by Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay in the period 1995-2020 using normalized revealed comparative index and summary statistics, stochastic kernels, Galtonian regression, Markov chains, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The analysis reveals the agri-food flagship products and the agri-food trade of these countries has formed mainly around these flagship products. The results support the argument that changes in distribution of comparative advantages in agri-food trade underwent an increase in specialization in these countries, especially in the period from the beginning of millennia until about period slightly after the Great Recession. The results also indicate slight convergence in the change in agri-food comparative advantages in these three countries, as well as the increased complexity of agri-food comparative advantages in Argentina and Paraguay at the end of the period under scrutiny. Despite these variations and differences among countries under scrutiny the distribution of comparative advantages remains stable and persistent. Given this evidence, we conclude that these countries will continue to develop their agriculture-led growth economic model and these flagship products will play an important role in the overall agri-food export structures of these countries in the future.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Fully Biobased Thermoset Adhesive Precursor from Itaconic Acid and Propylene Glycol(2025-12-30) Jašek, Vojtěch; Kameníková, Eliška; Novotny, Kamil; Přikryl, Radek; Figalla, SilvestrPhotocurable adhesives serve numerous practical applications, such as medical devices, electronics, sealing in LCDs, or glass bonding. This work focuses on a scalable and sustainable engineering of a new reactive precursor for photocurable adhesives, dipropylene glycol itaconate (DPG-IA). Synthesis involved Fischer esterification, with more than 98% conversion measured by convenient and affordable volumetric analyses (acid number and hydroxyl value). The product's structural verification was provided by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and FT-IR analysis, confirming a highly pure yield (more than 99%). Particularly, 1H NMR and FT-IR uncovered the presence of unsaturated double bonds, which can by radically polymerized and from cured molecular structure. The rheological profile and curing reactivity were investigated since they are crucial for photocurable adhesives. The apparent viscosity reached 1050 mPas at 25 degrees C, and the calculated flow activation energy reached 70.1 kJ/mol. DPG-IA's reactivity was studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), uncovering the polymerization activation energy reaching 115 kJ/mol. Eventually, the adhesion strength, achieved by the cured DPG-IA on the acryl, wood, and glass adherents, was investigated. The measured adhesion strength for the acryl-wood adhesion reached 53.6 +/- 1.5 kPa, and for the acryl-glass system it reached 83.4 +/- 4.4 kPa.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for direct analysis of pristine and environmentally aged microplastics: A PCA-based approach(2026-01-01) Modlitbová, Pavlína; Kočenda, Dominik; Holub, Daniel; Starin, Mark; Novak, Janja; Putar, Ula; Kalčíková, Gabriela; Brunnbauer, Lukas; Limbeck, Andreas; Pořízka, Pavel; Kaiser, JozefThis study investigates the potential of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the differentiation and characterization of microplastics (MPs) in various stages of environmental aging. Three commonly encountered polymer types, polystyrene, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride, in the form of fragments were subjected to controlled aging under abiotic and biotic conditions for one and six weeks in the absence and presence of selected heavy metal ions (cadmium, chromium, and lead) to simulate environmentally relevant contamination. The LIBS-PCA approach effectively distinguishes between pristine and aged MPs and among different polymer types and aging scenarios. Biotic aging led to pronounced elemental changes which were further supported by parallel chlorophyll a measurements assessing the biofilm development. These findings highlight the applicability of LIBS-PCA as a rapid and informative tool for monitoring microplastic transformation in complex environmental settings.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , G-quadruplex motifs prediction and visualization in Sus scrofa genome(2026-01-01) Šislerová, Lucie; Petrovič, Michal; Dobrovolná, Michaela; Šťastný, Jiří; Rozmaric, Tomaz; Dworak, Helene; Kratochvilová, Libuše; Veselá, Lenka; Schädl, Barbara; Gruber, Florian; Grillari, Johannes; Freystätter, Christian; Ogrodnik, Mikolaj; Brázda, VáclavSus scrofa is not only a key agricultural species but also a valuable biomedical model due to its physiological and anatomical similarities to humans. We present a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of putative G-quadruplexforming sequences (PQS) in the pig genome, with a focus on their distribution within regulatory and functionally relevant genomic regions. Our results demonstrate that PQS are non-randomly distributed, showing significant enrichment in promoter regions, untranslated regions, and other regulatory elements. These distribution patterns closely parallel those observed in the human genome, suggesting a conserved role for G-quadruplexes (G4s) across species. Importantly, we provide experimental validation of G4 structures in cells in situ of porcine dorsal skin samples using the G4-specific antibody SG4, confirming their presence at the cellular level. The high degree of similarity in PQS localization between pigs and humans highlights the translational potential of Sus scrofa for studying G4 biology and evaluating G4-targeted therapeutic strategies.