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Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , The influence of geometry and specific electronic and nuclear energy deposition on ion-stimulated desorption from thin self-supporting membranes(Elsevier, 2025-12-01) Holenak, Radek; Malatinová, Michaela; Ntemou, Eleni; Tran, Tuan T.; Primetzhofer, DanielWe investigate the dependence of the yield of positive secondary ions created upon impact of primary 4He+, 11B+ and 22Ne + ions on geometry and electronic and nuclear energy deposition by the projectiles. We employ pulsed beams in the medium energy regime and a large position-sensitive, time-of-flight detection system to ensure accurate quantification. As a target, we employ a single crystalline Si(100) self-supporting 50 nm thick membrane thus featuring two identical surfaces enabling simultaneous measurements in backscattering and transmission geometry. Electronic sputtering is identified as the governing mechanism for the desorption of hydrogen and molecular species found on the surfaces. Nevertheless, larger energy deposition to the nuclear subsystem by heavier projectiles as well as due to the directionality of the collision cascade appears to act in synergy with the electronic energy deposition leading to an overall increase in secondary ion yields. A higher yield of ions sputtered from the matrix is observed in transmission (forward) geometry only for B and Ne ions, consistent with the observed role of nuclear stopping.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Experimental Study on Hysteresis during Cavitating Vortex Onset in Pump-as-Turbine Applications(IOP Publishing, 2025-12-01) Štefan, David; Hudec, Martin; Habán, Vladimír; Pochylý, FrantišekCentrifugal pumps operating in turbine mode (pump-as-turbine) have become a relatively common solution for small-scale hydropower plants and for energy recovery applications. One of the aspects of pump-as-turbine (PaT) operation is that the pump impeller is generally designed for exclusive operation in pump mode. Therefore, significant residual swirl exits the impeller in turbine mode and creates a dominant swirling motion in the discharge pipe. The magnitude of this swirling flow depends on the operating mode of the PaT. Due to inconvenient blade angles, the swirling motion with coherent vortices might be the dominant component even under the best efficiency operating conditions. The present study focuses on the experimental analysis of the cavitating vortex developed downstream in the discharge pipe. The effect of hysteresis on vortex dynamics is assessed with regard to increase and decrease of cavitation number. The primary concern is with the frequency and amplitude measured by the pressure sensor downstream of PaT. These results are correlated with the image analysis of the cavitating vortex shape recorded by the high-speed camera. The results indicated that the main source of hysteresis is caused by self-induced instabilities of the cavitating vortex. The description and understanding of this phenomenon is important for further correlation of CFD simulations with measured data and for reliable operation of PaTs.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , The study of natural dolomite as a prospective material for CO2 capture employing a novel approach to the evaluation of breakthrough curves(Elsevier, 2025-12-01) Imrichová, Anna; Sokola, Patrik; Másilko, Jiří; Baláš, Marek; Cába, Vladislav; Karásková, Kateřina; Švec, Jiří; Ptáček, PetrThe capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a critical technology for addressing climate change and sustainability objectives. In this study, the performance of natural dolomite as an effective sorbent for repeated CO2 capture was evaluated. The results suggested that an optimal calcination temperature of 850 degrees C was beneficial for minimizing surface sintering of the dolomite, thereby facilitating effective decarbonation. Breakthrough curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the dynamic adsorption performance of dolomite at varying CO2 concentrations (10 %, 12 %, and 16 %). To assess the progress of gas adsorption onto regenerated dolomite, an innovative method of curve fitting using the modified Avrami equation was employed, which provided three essential parameters for the adsorption process: retention time, rate constant, and Avrami coefficient. A steady decrease in breakthrough time and adsorption efficiency was found to be correlated with sintering and surface area loss. The maximum CO2 adsorption capacity was achieved during the second or third cycle for all three measured CO2 concentrations; however, performance gradually deteriorated in subsequent cycles due to surface sintering and a reduction in specific surface area. TPD and BET analyses supported the conclusion that the surface area decreased with repeated regeneration, and the basic active sites were reduced.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Integrated health monitoring system with flexible asymmetric supercapacitors based on 2D Ti3C2 MXene and transitional metal oxides(Springer Nature, 2025-12-01) Manoharan, Kaaviah; Pumera, MartinDeveloping flexible, lightweight, and portable medical devices for continuous health monitoring requires compact and sustainable energy storage solutions. Traditional devices often rely on bulky wired equipment or battery-powered systems requiring frequent recharging, limiting practicality. We developed a flexible and stable asymmetric supercapacitor using MXene and transition metal oxide nanocomposite. In half cells, the electrolyte was 1M H2SO4; in full cells, a PVA/H2SO4 gel was used. Among the composites, Fe2O3@Ti3C2 showed superior electrochemical performance due to surface redox reactions enhancing pseudocapacitance. The Fe2O3@Ti3C2||Ti3C2 electrode delivered high specific capacitance, excellent power density, remarkable cyclic stability, and mechanical durability over 10,000 bending cycles. The assembled device successfully powered small electronics (LEDs and digital thermometers). Also, integrated with a pressure sensor to monitor human heartbeat signals in real time, with wireless data transmission to a mobile device. This work demonstrates the efficiency and applicability of Fe2O3@Ti3C2 flexible supercapacitors for next-generation wearable and biomedical electronics.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Rethinking plastic as a habitat modifier and a transport vector for organisms in aquatic environments(John Wiley & Sons, 2025-12-01) Binda, Gilberto; Chandra, Sudeep; Costa, Margarida; Galgani, Luisa; Kalčíková, Gabriela; Leu, Eva; Loiselle, Steven Arthur; Nizzetto, Luca; Noble, Paula; Nava, Veronica; Parsons, Daniel Roy; Supraha, Luka