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Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , From Radiography to CT: Geometric Calibration Using a 3D-Printed Phantom(Elsevier, 2026-01-21) Procházková, Jana; Mikuláček, Pavel; Zemek, Marek; Zikmund, Tomáš; Štarha, PavelX-ray imaging is a widely utilised non-destructive technique in both medical and industrial applications. Contemporary advancements, such as computed tomography (CT), enable the reconstruction of three-dimensional representations of internal structures from multiple projection angles. This study presents the development of a compact and functional CT system based on a portable X-ray source and a digital detector. A key component of the system is a custom-designed calibration phantom manufactured using 3D printing and incorporating precisely arranged steel spheres. Geometric calibration is performed using an iterative optimization approach based on sphere projections acquired from multiple viewing angles. The proposed method achieves sub-pixel calibration accuracy, with residual geometric deviations consistently below approximately one-fifth of a detector pixel. The impact of calibration is demonstrated by a clear reduction of geometry-induced artifacts and an improvement in reconstruction consistency compared to the uncalibrated case. The complete spatial configuration of the system, including source, object, and detector alignment, is explicitly described, enabling reproducibility and facilitating further development. The proposed setup supports reliable qualitative tomographic imaging with minimal hardware requirements, thereby promoting the wider adoption of mobile and cost-effective CT technologies for field and industrial applications.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Strain Limit in Structural Steel Joint Analysis(Wiley, 2026-01-22) Golubiatnikov, Kirill; Vild, Martin; Wald, FrantisekInelastic numerical analysis is a classic method in engineering practice. Failure criteria are primarily expressed in terms of plastic strain limits. Several factors influence the plastic strain limit, including material properties, element geometry, numerical element type, mesh density, and constitutive relations. Component-Based Finite Element Method (CBFEM) is a widely used technique for the design of steel connections. It combines the analytical component method with the numerical finite element method (FEM). FEM is used to determine the distribution of internal forces, and plates are modeled using 4-node shell elements. Con-nection components are replaced by dependent nonlinear springs and analysis models derived from their specific behavior. This paper presents the results of determining the plastic strain limit for CBFEM numerical calculations. The limit is presented as a reduced value of the ultimate strain. The partial safety factor was determined for nine geometries of weakened plates based on design values obtained from Monte Carlo simulation and reliability analysis. The Monte Carlo simulation was performed using a combination of FEM analysis and analytical formulas implemented in Python. The plastic strain limit was found to be 4.77% over all mesh densities.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Design Suggestions for I-Shaped Knee Connections with Conditional Variational Autoencoder(Wiley, 2026-01-22) Müller, Andreas; Taras, Andreas; Vild, MartinConditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) are used throughout the literature in the sense of performance-based generative design. One main advantage is the possibility of an inverse problem formulation, allowing the exploration of design possibilities/variations. This allows for a more dynamic design, including performance and code-based parameters as a preselection criterion, conditioning the overall design solutions. The work in the presented paper takes this general idea of CVAEs and applies it to connection design, e.g., welded knee connections from I-shaped sections. All created data sets used for the training of the models are based on component-based finite element simulations (CBFEM), performed with the software IDEA StatiCa Connection and the built-in Python API. The overall focus of this paper is specifically set on data creation/post-processing, its manipulation and incorporation in a forward and inverse design loop to demonstrate its possibilities in a more dynamic and intuitive design process compared to the classical workflow.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Design net cross-section resistances for numerical design analyses of weakened tensile plates with real material properties(Elsevier, 2026-01-22) Golubiatnikov, Kirill; Vild, Martin; Wald, FrantisekDesign net cross-section resistances for numerical design analyses of weakened tensile plates with real material properties have been established. Datasets of possible resistances for each considered geometry type were generated using a Monte Carlo-based procedure, combining a numerical-analytical approach with statistical functions of real material properties and real thicknesses reported in the literature. The generated datasets and the applied numerical - analytical approach were validated against experimental results. Subsequently, the datasets were statistically evaluated in accordance with EN 1990, and design net cross-section resistances with partial safety factors for tensile resistance were determined. The maximum obtained partial safety factor is 1.22, closely matching the recommended value of 1.23 reported in the literature. The most critical geometry types were smooth double notches, round double notches, and either sharp double notches or a narrow slotted hole. Plates with single holes or slotted holes exhibit lower design resistance than comparable double-notch plates. Additionally, staggered holes reduce resistance, whereas multiple holes in line have little effect. The results provide statistically guaranteed criteria suitable for numerical design analyses with real material properties and support harmonization with Eurocode-based practice. The findings of this study, particularly the derived design resistances, form a foundation for establishing design failure criteria for numerical design calculations performed with nominal material properties and nominal geometry in a future study.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Printing technologies for monitoring crop health(Springer Nature, 2026-01-24) Panacek, David; Kupka, Vojtech; Nalepa, Martin-Alex; Dedek, Ivan; Alvarez-Diduk, Ruslan; Olenik, Selin; Flauzino, Jose; Zdrazil, Jan; Jakubec, Petr; Zdrazil, Lukas; Spichal, Lukas; Sonigara, Kevalkumar Kishorbhai; Zboril, Radek; Pumera, Martin; Merkoci, Arben; Wang, Joseph; De Diego, Nuria; Guder, Firat; Otyepka, MichalAgricultural production requires low-cost sensors capable of delivering reliable, high-resolution data across large areas. Rising food demand, limited arable land, and severe soil degradation have accelerated the adoption of precision agriculture, which relies on real-time monitoring of soil, plant, and environmental conditions. Central to this shift is the development of scalable sensor technologies enabled by advances in materials science. Printing techniques, including inkjet, screen, aerosol jet, 3D printing, and direct laser writing, offer versatile routes to fabricate flexible, large-area, and plant-integrated sensors. This Review surveys recent progress in printable low-dimensional materials for agricultural sensing, examines their physicochemical properties in relation to sensor performance, and discusses key challenges and future opportunities requiring interdisciplinary integration.