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Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , Glucose-Powered Ultrasmall Chemotactic Nanorobots for Retinal Degeneration Treatment(2025-12-10) Ju, Xiaohui; Palacka, Katerina; Velluvakandy, Roshan Sreenivasan; Michalička, Jan; Pumera, MartinRetinal degeneration poses a growing global health challenge with limited effective treatments. Current options, such as intravitreal injections of therapeutic drugs, are severely constrained by the vitreous humor barrier, a dense, gel-like matrix that limits drug diffusion to the retina. Micro/nanorobots with active propulsion have emerged as promising platforms for targeted drug delivery to overcome biological barriers. Here, we report the design of chemotactic nanorobots that can actively overcome the vitreous humor to target the retina. Single-atom engineering is utilized to construct ultrasmall nanorobots that catalytically convert endogenous glucose into mechanical propulsion, enabling active navigation through the vitreous barrier toward retinal tissues. Both ex vivo tissue and in vivo mouse models confirm the nanorobots' ability to overcome vitreous viscosity and target retinal cells due to their ultrasmall sizes (less than 10 nm) and active motion. In a mouse model of induced retinal degeneration, these nanorobots exert potent dual antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, markedly delaying disease progression. Mechanistic studies at the gene expression level further elucidated the molecular basis of these therapeutic effects. These promising findings highlight the potential of single-atom engineered chemotactic nanorobots as effective nanomedicine, paving the way for their application as active drug delivery platforms in noninvasive treatment of ocular diseases.Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , Comparative Wear and Friction Analysis of Sliding Surface Materials for Hydrostatic Bearing under Oil Supply Failure Conditions(2025-12-04) Michalec, Michal; Daněk, Lukáš; Foltýn, Jan; Svoboda, Petr; Gachot, Carsten; Hartl, Martin; Křupka, IvanHydrostatic bearings are commonly used in high-precision applications due to their excellent performance across a wide range of sizes, from millimeters to tens of meters. However, their operation is dependent on a continuous external supply. If this supply fails or the pad alignment is improper, collisions or damage to sliding surfaces can occur, compromising machine precision or even causing malfunction. This study presents an experimental assessment of selected material combinations for sliding surfaces to minimize damage in large-scale hydrostatic bearings under critical conditions. The research aims to identify the most suitable material combinations that ensure a reliable and efficient operation of hydrostatic bearings, even in the case of oil supply failure or pad misalignment. The experimental methodology focuses on the influence of material properties on friction and wear. According to the results, the most suitable materials to combine with structural steel are tin, polytetrafluoroethylene, and leaded compositions. On the other hand, aluminum bronze, structural steel, and galvanized steel are the least suitable combinations. These findings offer valuable insights into selecting the most appropriate conformal sliding surface material combination for large-scale hydrostatic bearings based on multiple criteria, which can contribute to improved safety and durability.Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , A vegan diet signature from a multi-omics study on different European populations is related to favorable metabolic outcomes(2025-12-04) Ouradova, Anna; Ferrero, Giulio; Bratova, Miriam; Daskova, Nikola; Bohdanecka, Alena; Dohnalova, Klara; Heczkova, Marie; Chalupsky, Karel; Králová, Maria; Kuzma, Marek; Modos, István; Tichanek, Filip; Najmanova, Lucie; Pardini, Barbara; Pelantová, Helena; Tarallo, Sonia; Videnska, Petra; Gojda, Jan; Naccarati, Alessio; Cahova, MonikaVegan and omnivorous diets differ markedly in composition, but their effects on the gut microbiome, metabolome, and lipidome across populations remain insufficiently characterized. While both diet and country of origin influence these molecular layers, the relative contribution of diet versus country-specific factors has not yet been systematically evaluated within a multi-omics framework. In this cross-sectional, bicentric, observational study, we profiled healthy vegans (n=100) and omnivores (n=73) from the Czech Republic and Italy using integrated microbiome, metabolome, and lipidome analyses. Findings were subsequently validated in an independent cohort (n=142). Significant differences across all omics layers were observed for both country and diet. The predictive models confirmed diet-associated separation, with validation cohort AUCs of 0.99 (lipidome), 0.89 (metabolome), and 0.87 (microbiome). Functional metagenome analysis revealed enrichment of amino acid biosynthesis, inositol degradation, and the pentose phosphate pathway in vegans, while omnivores presented greater potential for amino acid fermentation, fatty acid biosynthesis, and propanoate metabolism. Linear models identified a robust, country-independent “vegan signature” consisting of 27 lipid metabolites, five non-lipid metabolites, and 11 bacterial species. Several lipid features associated with an omnivorous diet were inversely related to the duration of vegan diet adherence. Some of the vegan-associated metabolites and bacteria have been previously linked to favorable cardiometabolic profiles, although causality remains to be established. These findings demonstrate that vegan diets are associated with reproducible, country-independent molecular and microbial signatures. Our results highlight diet-driven shifts in host–microbiota interactions and provide a framework for understanding how dietary patterns relate to host–microbiota interactions.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Lecture Notes for the Course: Blockchains and Decentralized Applications(Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, 2026-01-21) Homoliak, IvanThe lecture notes aims to acquaint students with the principles and protocols in a decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) environments. While aspects of client-server communication are important, the less traditional but emerging P2P blockchain scheme and its integration into the Internet is an alternative that allows us to achieve unique features in terms of availability, transparency, and trust. This lecure notes mainly focus on the technical aspects of blockchain systems and their consensus protocols, while partially focusing on smart contracts and decentralized applications.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Applying time-resolved photoluminescence in scanning near-field optical microscopy to map charge-carrier dynamics in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals(2025-12-14) Klok, Pavel; Liška, Petr; Křápek, Vlastimil; Černek, Ondrej; Nováček, Zdeněk; Šamořil, Tomáš; Bouchal, Petr; Kratochvíl, Matouš; Ulč, Filip; Čecháček, Jan; Spousta, Jiří; Šikola, Tomáš; Viewegh, PetrCharge-carrier dynamics in perovskite materials are commonly investigated using techniques that either provide spatially averaged information or probe only a single point, often overlooking nanoscale heterogeneities that critically influence device performance. In this work, time-resolved photoluminescence mapping in aperture-type scanning near-field optical microscopy was used to directly visualize charge-carrier behavior in CsPbBr3 nanocrystal films, achieving sub-diffraction spatial resolution of 150nm and temporal resolution of 100ps. Through the combination of near-field optical excitation and simultaneous topographical characterization, structural features were found to influence local optical and electronic properties. Spatial variations in photoluminescence intensity, emission wavelength, and carrier lifetimes were observed across quasi-continuous films formed by nanocrystal aggregation. These heterogeneities, which are highly relevant to optoelectronic and photonic applications, were shown to significantly affect carrier recombination dynamics. Notably, regions exhibiting redshifted emission were found to have longer photoluminescence lifetimes, indicating a strong correlation between spectral properties and recombination processes. This study demonstrates how near-field time-resolved photoluminescence can serve as a powerful tool to probe local charge-carrier dynamics in perovskite materials and offers new insights for their more reliable and efficient integration into next-generation optoelectronic technologies.